HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK CONTROL (HIRARC)

Hazard, Risk & Danger Types of Hazard Risk Control JHA vs HIRARC Proper & Safe Method in Deploying Portable Fire Extinguishers/Hose Reels
PART 1 2

RISK ASSESSMENT
Types of Risk Assessment
Approach: Qualitative Risk Assessment Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment Quantitative Risk Assessment

DETERMINING SEVERITY

The degree of injury, illness, or damage to property, environment, or reputation, which is reasonably predictable. Severity in terms of: Harm to health Damage to property Damage to environment Or the combination of the above
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DETERMINING LIKELIHOOD OF OCCURRENCE OF HAZARD

Probability or Likelihood, is defined as: the chance that a given event will occur. Probability is often based on historical data frequency of reported incidences; However : Just because no accident has happened for a long time does not mean it cannot happen tomorrow; CIMAH cases Just because it has happened recently does not mean that it will happen again soon; Adequacy of controls

Based on statistic & data, professional

QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Determine severity categories i.e:
a.
b. c.

d.

Fatality Major injuries (normally irreversible injury or damage to health) Minor injuries (normally reversible injury or damage to health requiring days off work) Negligible injuries (first aid)
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QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Determine likelihood categories i.e:
a. b.

c.
d.

Very likely could happen frequently Likely could happen occasionally Unlikely could happen, but only rarely Highly unlikely could happen, but probably never will

QUALITATIVE RISK TABLE

Severity Likelihood

Fatality Major Injuries Minor Injuries Negligble Injuries

Very Likely High

High

Likely
High High

Unlikely Highly Unlikely High Medium

Medium Medium

High

Medium Medium
Low

Low
Low
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Medium Medium

SEMI QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Determine severity categories i.e:

4: Fatality & Permanent Disability 3: More than 4 days MC 2: Less than or 4 days MC 1: First aid and near misses

SEMI QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Determine Likelihood of Occurrence of Hazard i.e:

4: Daily 3: Weekly 2: Monthly 1: Yearly

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE RISK TABLE

LIKELIHOOD S E V E R I T Y
Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily

1
First Aid and Near Misses Less than or 4 days MC More than 4 days MC Fatality & Permanent Disability

2
2 4 6 8

3
3 6 9 12

4
4 8 12 16
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1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4

QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Where the hazards presented by the undertaking are numerous and complex, and may involve novel processes, for example in the case of large chemicals process plants, detailed and sophisticated risk assessments will be needed, and it is appropriate to carry out a detailed quantitative risk assessment.
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QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Quantitative risk assessment involves obtaining a numerical estimate of the risk from a quantitative consideration of event probabilities and consequences

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QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

In carrying out quantitative risk assessments, special quantitative tools and techniques will be used for hazard identification, and to estimate the severity of the consequences and the likelihood of realization of the hazards

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QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Where such methods and techniques are used it is important that they are carried out by suitably qualified and experience assessors

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RISK CONTROL
Consideration In Implementing Risk Control
Review measures regularly; modify if necessary Comply with national laws and regulations Reflect good management practice; and

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RISK CONTROL
Consideration In Implementing Risk Control

Consider the current state of knowledge

Include information or reports from organizations such as: - DOSH, OSH services, and others

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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
MOST EFFECTIVE 1. Elimination remove the hazard FAIRLY EFFECTIVE 2. Substitution use less hazardous one 3. Isolation isolate the work area 4. Engineering Control design,isolation at source, barricade, guarding LEAST EFFECTIVE 5. Administrative Control safe work procedure, isolation 6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

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HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
1. ELIMINATION CHANGING THE PROCESS, MACHINERY, SUBSTANCE 2. SUBSTITUTION USING A LESS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL OR PROCESS, SUCH AS USING MECHANICAL DEVICES INSTEAD OF MANUAL HANDLING 3. ISOLATION ISOLATING NOISY COMPRESSORS FROM WORKERS AREA ENCLOSURE, DISTANCE GUARD 4. ENGINEERING CONTROL MODIFICATION OR RETROFIT LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION GUARD FOR ROTATING MACHINERY 5. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL PROCEDURE : ROTATION OF WORKERS REDUCING PERIOD OF EXPOSURE REDUCING NUMBER OF WORKERS EXPOSED 6. WORK PRACTICE CONTROL SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK / PERMIT TO WORK PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

ACCEPT Tolerate
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REDUCE Treat

AVOID Terminate

ELIMINATION

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EXAMPLE OF ELIMINATION

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SUBSTITUTION

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Robot assembly, Mercedes

SUBSTITUTION

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SUBSTITUTION

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SUBSTITUTION

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SUBSTITUTION

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SUBSTITUTION

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ISOLATION

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ENGINEERING CONTROL

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ENGINEERING CONTROL

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RISK CONTROL ???

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RISK CONTROL ???

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ENGINEERING CONTROL KAWAT JARING

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PPE: WEARING MASK

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SOLUTION
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
ENGINEERING CONTROL

CONTROL MEASURE
Memasang kawat jaring standard heavy duty (rujuk gambar) Sembur chlorpyrifos Memasang bird gel repellent mask zone (rujuk gambar) SOP Memakai topeng, sarung tangan Kemudahan sabun

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL PPE

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ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Limiting the amount of time workers spend Can be used together with other control methods Some examples : work schedules : longer rest periods :moving work process

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ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

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PPE: SAFETY NET

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THE NEED FOR JHA

JHA is a tool to carefully study each job or task, and come out with a Safe Operating Procedure A PTW should only be issued after JHA has been carried out In JHA, HIRARC is carried out for all the steps of the task identified; here, all possible hazards related to every step of the task is identified, and then adequately controlled.
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THE NEED FOR HIRARC

HIRARC is a proactive means of identifying and eliminating hazards, and provides an acceptable standard of safety Legal Requirement : Ensure Safe Place of Work Corporate Image : Public/Customer Confidence Moral/Ethical Consideration : Limit Worker Injuries Loss Control : Prevent Accidents / Incidents Especially When Revenue Is Maximum And Expenses Are On The Rise, Survival Mode Is Triggered Cut Down On Avoidable Losses!

Notice any Hazards?

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JHA vs HIRARC

JHA : STUDIES THE JOB IN THIS CASE INSTALLING THE KERB

BREAKS DOWN THE JOB INTO STEPS DO HIRARC FOR EVERY STEP

HIRARC : OVERSEES ALL THE HAZARDS IN THE AREA OF CONCERN

VEHICLES, POTHOLES, TREE BRANCHES, POWER LINES, DRAINS A POINT IN TIME

RISK ASSESSMENT IS REQUIRED IN HIRARC

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JHA vs HIRARC

Section 15 (2)(a) of the OSHA 12614:

the provision and maintenance of plant (HIRARC) and systems of work (JHA) that are, so far as is practicable, safe and without risks to health

HIRARC Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control are three principles used in workplaces to manage safety and health. Requirement under Management Systems ISO 9000, ISO 14000, OHSAS 18000
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SAMPLE OF A JHA
TARGET : MOVE THE LOAD SAFELY

LIFTING LOAD USING MOBILE CRANE :

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Move the crane to position Extend the outriggers Extend boom and slew so that hook is directly above load Attach load to hook Lift the load Move the load to desired location If you miss one process, Put down the load will you meet the target? Retract boom, and If target is not achieved, Retract the outriggers which process could be
the culprit?

Precautions before and after.

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JHA : MOVING A LOAD USING A MOBILE CRANE

STEP 1 MOVE THE CRANE TO POSITION 2 EXTEND THE OUTRIGGERS HAZARDS WHAT IF 1.1. CRANE IS BLOCKING TRAFFIC 2.1. TERRAIN IS SLOPING, UNEVEN 2.2. GROUND IS SOFT 2.3. HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FAILS 3 EXTEND BOOM TO HOVER ABOVE THE LOAD 4 USE SLINGS TO ATTACH LOAD TO THE HOOK 3.1. BOOM IS EXTENDED TOO LONG 4.1. SLINGS ARE UNDER CAPACITY 4.2. SLINGS ARE DAMAGED: KINKED, FRAYED 4.3. HAND GETS ENTANGLED BY SLINGS RISK - WHAT CAN HAPPEN INCONVENIENCE, ACCIDENT INVOLVING OTHER TRAFFIC CRANE MAY TOPPLE WHEN LIFTING CRANE MAY TOPPLE WHEN LIFTING ONE OUTRIGGER MAY RETRACT, CAUSING CRANE IMBALANCE MAY HIT ADJACENT STRUCTURES, POWER LINE SLINGS MAY BREAK. LOAD MAY FALL SLINGS MAY BREAK. LOAD MAY FALL HAND / FINGERS CAN BE SEVERED DAMAGE OR INJURY TO OTHER TRAFFIC, CRANE CRANE, OPERATOR CRANE, OPERATOR CRANE, OPERATOR CRANE, OPERATOR, POWER LINE, BUILDING LOAD, CRANE LOAD, CRANE RIGGER CONTROL MEASURES DIVERT TRAFFIC; BARRICADE AREA; SAIGNAGE ENSURE CRANE IS LEVEL SEEK ALTERNATIVE SITE; USE WIDE BASE PLATES REGULAR MAINTENANCE; CHECK HYDRAULIC SYSTEM BEFORE LIFTING RELOCATE CRANE POSITION, ENSURE STRICT SUPERVISION CHECK SLING CAPACITY

CHECK PERIOD COLOUR CODING. CHECK CONDITION OF SLINGS. TEST. CARE IN HANDLING, TRAINING; SUPERVISION 45

STEP 5 LIFT THE LOAD MOVE LOAD TO DESIRED POSITION

HAZARDS WHAT IF ... 5.1. LOAD IS NOT EXACTLY BELOW BOOM 6.1. PEOPLE ARE WORKING UNDER PATH OF LOAD 6.2. PEOPLE ARE STANDING TOO NEAR THE CRANE 6.3. LOAD SLIPS THROUGH THE SLINGS 6.4. MOMENTUM DESTABILIZES THE CRANE

RISKS - WHAT CAN HAPPEN LOAD MAY SWING, CAN TOPPLE CRANE LOAD MAY FALL ON PEOPLE PEOPLE MAY BE HIT BY THE CRANE AS IT TURNS LOAD MAY FALL

DAMAGE OR INJURY TO OPERATOR, CRANE, LOAD, RIGGER LOAD, OTHERS

CONTROL MEASURES ENSURE BOOM IS VERTICAL, USE TAG LINES TO CONTROL LOAD CLEAR ALL PEOPLE IN ITS PATH; CLEAR ALL PEOPLE AROUND THE ACTIVE RADIUS OF CRANE; PUT UP BARRICADES, SIGNAGE USE SPACER BARS ON SLINGS, TIE SLINGS SECURELY TO LOAD CONTROL SLEWING MOTION. CARRY OUT SLEWING SLOWLY LOWER THE LOAD ONTO TO A PALLET TRAINING, REMINDERS

RIGGER, OTHERS

LOAD, OTHERS

CRANE MAY TOPPLE CANNOT REMOVE THE SLINGS THE CRANE MAY TOPPLE

LOAD, CRANE, OTHERS RIGGER, SLINGS CRANE

PUT DOWN THE LOAD RETRACT THE BOOM, AND RETRACT THE OUTRIGGERS

7.1. THE SLING GETS PINNED BY THE LOAD 8.1. YOU RETRACT THE OUTRIGGERS BEFORE RETRACTING THE BOOM

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PRECAUTIONS :
A. B. C. D. DO NOT EXTEND BOOM OR CARRY A LOAD BEFORE EXTENDING THE OUTRIGGERS DO NOT RETRACT THE OUTRIGGERS BEFORE RETRACTING THE BOOM DO NOT LIFT OVER PEOPLE DO NOT LEAVE A CRANE WITH THE BOOM EXTENDED, UNATTENDED

JOB RISK ANALYSIS - JRA

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JOB RISK ANALYSIS

JOB : Transferring pipes using an overhead crane
Job Description Hazard Statement Possible Consequences Controls required

Supervisor watching pipes being moved while standing beneath the load

The sling maybe under capacity

The sling is not rigged properly A forklift is moving in that area The supervisor is standing beneath the pipes

Sling may break, and pipes can fall. The pipes can come loose and fall. People under it can be injured or killed.
Forklift can knock the pipes down. Supervisor may not have time to escape Supervisor can be fatally injured

Confirm rope capacity Do rope inspection

Provide training on proper rigging and slinging techniques Forklift driver should ensure clear path before moving Stay clear of hanging loads; Crane operators should be warned never to carry loads over people

Start by identifying all the Hazards first, to ensure continuous line of thought
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HIRARC TABLE

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HIRARC TABLE

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PROPER & SAFE METHOD IN DEPLOYING PORTABLE F.E.

Cara untuk menggunakan kebanyakan alat pemadam api permulaan adalah berdasarkan singkatan perkataan PASS
P - Pull A - Aim S - Squeeze S - Sweep sehingga Tarik pin di atas alat pemadam api Halakan muncung alat pemadam ke punca api (bahan) Pusing atau tekan pemegang Halakan pancutan ke arah punca api pada jarak 3 meter api padam.
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PROPER & SAFE METHOD IN DEPLOYING PORTABLE F.E.

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PROPER & SAFE METHOD IN DEPLOYING PORTABLE F.E.

Cara menghalakan pancutan ke punca api

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