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WHAT IS SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT? Social emotional development helps shape a child into what he will become later in life by teaching proper reactions to emotional matters. Social skills are all about a child's ability to cooperate and play with others, paying attention to adults and teachers, and making reasonable transitions from activity to activity. Emotional development is the process of learning how to understand and control emotions.

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THE 8 STAGES OF CHILDREN SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

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First stage: Hope (0 to 18 month) Learning Basic Trust Versus Basic Mistrust:

If a baby and toddler is nurtured, and loved, he will develop trust and security and a basic optimism. Badly handled, he becomes insecure and mistrustful.

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Second stage: (two three years) Learning Autonomy Versus Shame:
Erikson believes social and emotional development occurs as people reach psychosocial crisis and are prompted into the next stage of development. The well-adjusted child emerges from this stage sure of himself, elated with his new found control, and proud rather than ashamed. The early part of this psychosocial crisis, includes facing up to self- will, tantrums, stubbornness, and negativism. So the two year old yelling "NO!" every second of the day is going through his entry into the second stage of social and emotional development, according to Erikson. Mothers know this is annoying, but you can take heart that its a sign of emotional and social development.

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Third stage: Initiative Versus Guilt (3-5 y) Important key: exploration

Erikson believes that this third psychosocial crisis occurs during what he calls the "play age and the well-developed child learns: to imagine, to broaden his skills through active play of all sorts, including fantasy Do things on their own Have freedom to play

IF NOT!
Parents who severely punished childrens will make them feel guilty.

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Fourth stage: Industry vs Inferiority (6 11) Important key: School

Erikson believes that the fourth psychosocial crisis is handled, for better or worse, during what he calls the "school age. Expansion of childs social world with entrance to school. Influence of parents decrease Develop their sense of pride Children who are encouraged ( feel competence and belief=self esteem)

IF NOT!
Failure will create a negative self image. (Doubt with their ability)

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Fifth stage: Fidelity (12-18) Learning Identity vs Identity Diffusion: During the fifth psychosocial crisis the adolescent learns how to answer satisfactorily and happily the question of "Who am I?". But even the best-adjusted teenager experiences some role identity problems and starts rebelling and filling with self-doubt. The young person acquires self-certainty as opposed to self-consciousness and self-doubt.
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Sixth stage: Love (18+) Learning Intimacy vs Isolation: The successful young adult, for the first time, can experience true intimacy - the sort of intimacy that makes possible good marriage or a genuine and enduring friendship.

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Seventh stage: Care (adulthood) Learning Generativity vs Self-Absorption: In adulthood, the psychosocial crisis demands a person becomes more emotionally and socially generous, both in the sense of marriage and parenthood, and in the sense of working productively and creatively.

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 Eighth stage: Wisdom (adulthood) Integrity vs Despair: If the other seven psychosocial crises have been successfully resolved, the mature adult develops the peak of adjustment integrity. He trusts, he is independent and dares the new. He works hard, has found a well-defined role in life, and has developed a self-concept with which he is happy. He can be intimate without strain, guilt, regret, or lack of realism, and he is proud of what he creates - his children, his work, or his hobbies. If one or more of the earlier psychosocial crises have not been resolved, he may view himself and his life with disgust and despair, according to Erikson.