Version 4.

Objectives
Describe how networks impact our daily lives.
Describe the role of data networking in the human

network. Identify the key components of any data network. Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by converged networks. Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service and security. Distinguish between client/server and peer-to-peer networks

Why Use Networks?

Network Group of computers and devices

Connected by transmission media

Stand-alone computer Not connected to other computers Uses local software and data Advantages of networks over standalone computers Device sharing by multiple users

Saves money and time

Central network management

How Networks Impact Daily Life

Explain the benefits of instantaneous

communication and how it supports and improves our lives

How Networks Impact Daily Life

Explain ways that using information networks to

share and collaborate improves teaching and learning

How Networks Impact Daily Life

Describe ways communication over a network

supports the way we play

Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges

Basic characteristics of communication Rules or agreements are 1st established Important information may need to be repeated Various modes of communication may impact the effectiveness of getting the message across

Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges

Describe the role of data networking in

communications

Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges

Describe the various
Devices

elements that make up a network

These are used to communicate with one another Medium This is how the devices are connected together Messages Information that travels over the medium Rules Governs how messages flow across network

Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges

Describe the role of converged networks in

communications
Converged network

A type of network that can carry voice, video & data over the same network

Network Architecture Characteristics

Explain four characteristics that are addressed by

network architecture design

Fault tolerance Scalability Quality of service Security

Network Architecture Characteristics

Describe how packet switching helps improve the

resiliency and fault tolerance of the Internet architecture

Network Architecture Characteristics

Describe characteristics of the Internet that help it

scale to meet user demand

Network Architecture Characteristics

Explain the factors that necessitate Quality of

Service and the mechanisms necessary to ensure it

Network Architecture Characteristics

Describe how QoS mechanisms work to ensure

quality of service for applications that require it

Network Architecture Characteristics

Describe how to select the appropriate QoS strategy

for a given type of traffic

Network Architecture Characteristics

Describe why networks must be secure

Network Architecture Characteristics

Describe basic measures to secure data networks Ensure confidentiality through use of

User authentication Data encryption

Maintain communication integrity through use of

Digital signatures
Firewalls Redundant network architecture Hardware without a single point of failure

Ensure availability through use of

Types of Networks
Network models Peer-to-Peer Client/server

Peer-to-Peer Network

Resource sharing on a simple peer-to-peer network

Peer-to-Peer Networks
Typical in a home with several computers
Direct computer communication Equal authority Individual resource sharing May share resources May prevent access to resources Each computer can send data to every other computer

on the network

Peer-to-Peer Networks
Advantages Simple configuration Inexpensive to set up Disadvantages Not flexible Not necessarily secure Not practical for large installations

Client/Server Networks

Resource sharing on a client/server network

Client/Server Networks
Central computer (server) Facilitates communication and resource sharing Clients (other computers) Personal computers

Known as workstations

Central resource sharing controlled by server Data sharing, data storage space, devices No direct sharing of client resources

Client/Server Networks
Server requirement Network operating system

Manages client data, resources Ensures authorized user access Controls user file access Restricts user network access Dictates computer communication rules Supplies application to clients

Server examples UNIX, Linux, Microsoft Server 2003 and 2008...

Client/Server Networks
Server features relative to clients More memory, processing, storage capacity Equipped with special hardware

Provides network management functions

Disadvantages relative to peer-to-peer networks Complex in design and maintenance

Client/Server Networks
Advantages relative to peer-to-peer networks User credential assigned from one place Multiple shared resource access centrally controlled Central problem monitoring, diagnostics, correction capabilities Efficient processing on large networks Scalability Popular in medium- and large-scale organizations