1

It is really beautiful

The van is completely covered with snow.

The statue has been made very skillfully.

Q. Gentlemen, what is the role of the words really, completely and skillfully in the sentences?

Q. Which words do they qualify or modify? Q. What is the grammatical name given to such modifiers?

ADVERB
Primary Adverbs Secondary Adverbs Adverb of place Adverb of time Adverb of frequency Adverb of manner Adverb of purpose

ADVERB
Q. What is an adverb? Ans. Adverb is a part of speech that modifies:
A Verb
An Adjective
Another Adverb

For example:

washing cleanly, very clearly, so cute

 Like an adjective, an adverb is a describing word. It describes actions. An adverb gives you such information as how, where, or when an action is performed.

Adverbs are usually attached to verbs. They tell us such things as:
(a) The Manner (b) The Place (c) The Time (d) The Frequency (e) The Purpose of the action represented by the verb:

 The airmen march smartly. (manner) We assemble in the parade ground. (place) There will be PER test tomorrow. (time) He is often late for assembly. (frequency)

He reported (purpose)

sick

to

avoid

parade.

PRIMARY ADVERBS
Are adverbs by nature Not derived from any other word
For example always, as, very, almost, now, never, ever, sometimes, often, well, fine, hard, fast, early

SECONDARY ADVERBS
Are made of adjectives by adding ly at the end For example bravely, cruelly, normally, blindly, peacefully, fairly, cleverly, boldly, easily, wisely

ADVERBS OF PLACE DIRECTION AND DISTANCE

They tell us:
the place of action the direction of movement the distance between thing the distance travelled.

They answer the question where. For example:

She still lives there now.

The teacher is going to school.

One day we drove 400 miles.

ADVERBS OF TIME
Show:
Time of action Duration of the action They answer the question when They often come in the end position, after the verb.

For example: It is dark now. The baby gets up early in the morning. It has been raining the whole day.

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY
Shows the repetition of happening in a sentence or the rate at which a happening recurs There are two types:
Adverbs of definite frequency (hourly, weekly, monthly etc) Adverbs of indefinite frequency (always, often, never, sometimes, occasionally)

For example: PTV Telecasts the news hourly. Always obey the traffic rules.

ADVERBS OF MANNER
Tell us the way an action is performed Answer the question how Often comes in the end position May come in the initial or mid position Intensifiers, Moderators and emphasizers can be used with them For example: She moved slowly and diligently.

He treated the beggar very kindly.

ADVERB OF PURPOSE
Shows a purpose behind the action in a sentence. For example: She shops in several stores to get good buys. She drives slowly to avoid accident.

RECAPITULATION

ADVERB Modifies Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs

Primary Adverbs Natural Derived Position Time Repetition Way Cause

Secondary Adverbs Adverb of place Adverb of time Adverb of frequency Adverb of manner Adverb of purpose

Q. Define adverb.
Q. What are primary adverbs? Q. Make a sentence using an adverb of frequency. Q. Make a sentence using an adverb of purpose.

DIFFERENTIATE THESE ADVERBS

He is often late for assembly. They reach early to avoid insult.

It is raining now.
Come here please. We work honestly.

ASSIGNMENT
Make a list of adverbs used in Lesson No.1 of your English Precis and use the in your own sentences.

Next time INSHA ALLAH we would discuss

The Comparison of Adverbs.