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Non specific Divided into 1st line eg Skin mucous membrane 2nd line are Phagocyte Carry out Phagocytosis through produce lymphocyte antibody immunity gives Divided into specific is 3rd line
artificial
natural
immune system produces its own antibodies to defend against specific antigens
Natural Active Immunity : after recovered from certain
response will occur. The antibodies are produced in response to the antigens. As person recovers from a diseases, the person is immune to the pathogen because lymphocytes remain in the body. Graph NAI is permanent immunity and obtained after a person recovers from an infection.
stimulate
LYMPHOCYTES (WBC)
produces
ANTIBODIES
production of antibodies. A vaccine will stimulate the body to release antibodies that capable of binding to the antigens. Immunisation is process of inducing immnuity by administering a vaccine. AAI is abtained through immunisation @ vaccination.
stimulate
LYMPHOCYTES (WBC)
produces
ANTIBODIES
the mother are passed across the placenta to the foetus during development or in early infancy through breast milk (breast feeding). Colostrum (1st formed milk) rich in antibodies
down in the spleen and liver. GRAPH NPI is obtained from mother either placenta @ the breast milk (colostrum)
or serum is injected into the individual. Prepared from cows or horses. (rabies, hepatitis, tetanus & snakebites)
from blood of laboratory animals (cow, horse,rabbit) The antibodies will temporary protect the travellers if they are exposed to hepatitis virus during the trip. The immunity usually disappears after several weeks @ months. API is obtained through the injection of a serum which contains antibodies @ antiserum.
To procude antibodies
Serum will extract out and just leave the blood plasma The blood will proceed several test to separate into the serum (1/3) and the blood plasma
ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY SERUM (READY-MADE ANTIBODIES) AFTER BEEN INFECTED @ HIGH RISK
TIME OF INJECTION TIME TAKEN TO ACHIEVE IMMUNITY DURATION OF IMMUNITY NECESSITY OF BOOSTER
BODY TAKE A TIME TO IMMEDIATE SYNTHESISE ANTIBODY RESPONSES LONGER LASTING NEED 2ND INJECTION TO INDUCES A SLOW @ LOW LEVEL OF ANTIBODIES DELAY IMMUNITY SHORT ONLY FIRST INJECTION ENOUGH TO IMMUNE THE BODY AGAINST INFECTION. IMMEDIATE IMMUNITY
IMPRESSION