Revision Exercise on Structures & Properties

S3 Chemistry

What is the bonding structure of the compound/element formed by : a) Sodium Atoms

1.

Giant Metallic Structure (Metal Metal)

b) c)

Chlorine and Potassium

Giant Ionic Structure (Metal Non-metal)

Simple Molecular Structure

(Non-metal Non-metal) Van der Waals Attraction between molecules

Carbon and Oxygen

d)

Bonding Structure

Giant Covalent Structure

Carbon (in form of diamond)

(Non-metal Non-metal)

Structure

Giant Ionic Structure Metal and Nonmetal

Giant Metallic Structure Metal and Metal

Giant Covalent Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Simple Molecular Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Attraction between

Bonding Structure Comparison

2.

Map the compound/element to their melting point & boiling point.

3550 oC /4827 oC 98oC/883oC - 78 oC / - 57 oC

Strong bond / Giant metallic structure

Strong bond / Giant ionic structure

Sodium Potassium chloride Carbon Dioxide

Weak Van Der Waals Attraction

Diamond

770 oC /1420 oC

Strong bond / Giant covalent structure

Melting point / Boiling point

Structure

Giant Ionic Structure Metal and Nonmetal

Giant Metallic Structure Metal and Metal

Giant Covalent Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Simple Molecular Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Attraction between

Attraction

Strong Metallic Bond Strong Ionic Bond between the between the ions positive ions and mobile electrons High High

Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms

Intramolecular Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms. Intermolecular Weak Van Der Waals Attraction between the molecules. Low

Melting point/ boiling point

Very High

Melting point / Boiling point Comparison

3.

What are the states of the following substances ? Sodium

(Solid) (Solid) (Gas) (Solid)

Potassium Chloride
Carbon Dioxide

Diamond

State

Structure

Giant Ionic Structure Metal and Nonmetal

Giant Metallic Structure Metal and Metal

Giant Covalent Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Simple Molecular Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Attraction between

Attraction

Strong Metallic Bond Strong Ionic Bond between the between the ions positive ions and mobile electrons High Solid High Solid

Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms

Intramolecular Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms. Intermolecular Weak Van Der Waals Attraction between the molecules. Low Gas/Liquid

Melting point/ boiling point State at room temperature and pressure

Very High Solid

State Comparison

4.

Estimate the electrical conductivity of the following substance

Sodium Potassium Chloride
Solid / Liquid

Good / Poor Good / Poor ( Molten ) Good / Poor ( Any ) Good / Poor ( Any )

Because it has mobile electrons

Because it has mobile ions

Because it is a gas

Carbon Dioxide

Diamond

Because it doesnt have mobile eletrons/ions

Electrical Conductivity

Structure

Giant Ionic Structure Metal and Nonmetal

Giant Metallic Structure Metal and Metal

Giant Covalent Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Simple Molecular Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Attraction between

Attraction

Strong Metallic Bond Strong Ionic Bond between the between the ions positive ions and mobile electrons High Solid Good in molten state Because it has mobile ions High Solid

Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms

Intramolecular Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms. Intermolecular Weak Van Der Waals Attraction between the molecules. Low Gas/Liquid Poor Because it doesnt have mobile ions/electrons

Melting point/ boiling point State at room temperature and pressure

Very High Solid

Electrical Conductivity

Good in Solid or Poor Liquid Because it doesnt Because it has have mobile mobile ions/electrons electrons Except graphite

Conductivity Comparison

5.

What are the solubility of the following substances ? Sodium

(Insoluble)

Potassium Chloride (Soluble)

Carbon Dioxide
(Insoluble) (Insoluble)

Diamond

Solubility

Structure

Giant Ionic Structure Metal and Nonmetal

Giant Metallic Structure Metal and Metal

Giant Covalent Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Simple Molecular Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Attraction between

Attraction

Strong Metallic Bond Strong Ionic Bond between the between the ions positive ions and mobile electrons

Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms

Intramolecular Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms. Intermolecular Weak Van Der Waals Attraction between the molecules.

Melting point/ boiling point State at room temperature and pressure

High
Solid Good in molten state Because it has mobile ions Soluble

High
Solid

Very High
Solid

Low
Gas/Liquid Poor Because it doesnt have mobile ions/electrons Insoluble

Electrical Conductivity

Solubility

Good in Solid or Poor Liquid Because it doesnt Because it has have mobile mobile ions/electrons electrons Except graphite Insoluble Insoluble

Solubility Comparison

Substance

Melting point (oC)

Boiling point (oC)

Electrical Conductivity Solid state Molten state

Solubility

A
B C D
a)

130
690 1470 -99

450
1790 3420 -25

Good
Poor Poor Poor

Good
Good Poor Poor

Insoluble
Soluble Insoluble Insoluble

What is the bonding structure of A ? Explain. Giant Metallic Structure. Good Electrical Conductivity in Solid/Molten b) What is the bonding structure of B ? Explain. Giant Ionic Structure. Good Conductivity in Molten & Soluble c) What is the bonding structure of C ? Explain. Giant Covalent Structure. Poor Conductivity, Insoluble & high m.p./b.p. d) What is the bonding structure of D ? Explain. Simple Molecular Structure. Low m.p./b.p., poor conductivity & insoluble

Integrated Question (Predict Structure)

Element

W
Carbon

X
Florine

Y
Neon

Z
Sodium

Atomic number
a) b)

2,4

9
2,7

10
2,8

11
2,8,1

c)

Predict the state of each elements. Two compounds, one is formed by W and X and another is formed by X and Z. Which one will soluble in water ? Explain it in details. ZX. Ionic Compound By considering all the substances above including the compounds in (b), W. Z is soft, X and Y are gases
Which Which Which Which one is the most hardness? Why? one is not reactive? Why? Y . Octet structure, noble gas one is toxic? Why? X. Group 7 are toxic. of them can conduct electricity? Why?

Integrated Question (Predict Properties)

Z, it is metal and ZX conduct in molten state

MgO, SiO2, SO2 are oxides of Period 3 elements in the Periodic Table. Discuss how the melting points of these oxides are related to their bonding and structure.

SO2 MgO SiO2 Non-metal, Non-metal Metal ,Non-metal Non-metal, Non-metal Covalent Bond Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Giant ionic structure Giant covalent structure Van der Waals Attraction Simple molecular structure

Essay Type Question

SiO2>MgO>SO2

Structure

Giant Ionic Structure Metal and Nonmetal

Giant Metallic Structure Metal and Metal

Giant Covalent Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Simple Molecular Structure Nonmetal and Nonmetal

Attraction between

Attraction

Strong Metallic Bond Strong Ionic Bond between the between the ions positive ions and mobile electrons High Solid Good in molten state Because it has mobile ions Soluble High Solid

Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms

Intramolecular Strong Covalent Bond between the atoms. Intermolecular Weak Van Der Waals Attraction between the molecules. Low Gas/Liquid Poor Because it doesnt have mobile ions/electrons Insoluble

Melting point/ boiling point State at room temperature and pressure

Very High Solid

Electrical Conductivity

Good in Solid or Poor Liquid Because it doesnt Because it has have mobile mobile ions/electrons electrons Except graphite Insoluble Insoluble

Solubility

Summary

The End