Chapter 3

Decimals

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved

#3 Decimals
Learning Unit Objectives
Rounding Decimals; Fraction and LU3.1 Decimal Conversions 1. Explain the place values of whole numbers and decimals; round decimals
2. Convert decimal fractions to decimals,

proper fractions to decimals, mixed numbers to decimals, and pure and mixed decimals to decimal fractions
3-2

#3 Decimals
Learning Unit Objectives
Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and LU3.2 Dividing Decimals 1. Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals
2. Multiply and divide decimals by shortcut

methods
3. Complete decimal applications in foreign

currency
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Table 3.1 - Bag of M&Ms

Color Yellow Red Blue Orange Fraction 18 55 10 55 9 55 7 55 6 55 5 55 55 55 = 1 Decimal (hundredth) .33 .18 .16 .13 Percent (hundredth) 32.73% 18.18% 16.36% 12.73%

Brown
Green Total

.11
.09 1.00

10.91%
9.09% 100.00%

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Decimal place-value chart

Figure 3.1
Whole Number Groups

Decimal Place Values

Hundred Thousandths

1,000 100

10

and

1 10

1 . 100

1 . 1,000

Thousandths

1 . 1 . 10,000 100,000

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Ten Thousandths

Thousands

Hundreds

Tenths

Ones

Tens

Hundredths

Rounding Decimals
Step 1. Identify the place value of the digit you want to round
Step 3. Drop all digits to the right of the identified digit

.3272727

.337272
Step 2. Identify the digit to the right. If 5 or more, increase the identified digit by 1. If less than 5 do not change
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.33

Rounding Decimals

Round to nearest dollar: Round to nearest cent:

$166.39 $1,196.885

$166 $1,196.89 $38.56 $1,432.998

Round to nearest hundredth: $38.563 Round to nearest thousandth: $1,432.9981

3-7

Converting Decimal Fractions to Decimals

2 Steps 1. Count the number of zeros in the denominator. 2. Place the numerator of the decimal fraction to the right of the decimal point the same number of places as you have zeros in the denominator. Do not go over the total number of denominator zeros.
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Fraction 3 10 3 100 3 1,000 3 10,000

Decimal .3 .03

# of places 1 2

.003 .0003

3 4

Converting Proper Fractions to Decimals

3 4
.75 4 3.00 2.8 20 20 0

.75
3-9

Converting Mixed Numbers to Decimals

.4 5 2.0 2.0 0 8 + .4 (Step 2)

2 85

8.4
3-10

Converting Pure Decimals to Decimal Fractions

Step 1 24

Step 2

.24
Places

24 1

Step 3

24 100

3-11

Converting Mixed Decimals to Decimal Fractions

Step 1 45

Step 2

45 1

17.45

Places

Step 3

45 45 =17 100 100

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Adding Decimals
Add: 4 + 7.3 + 36.139 + .0007 + 8.22

4.0000 7.3000

36.1390
.0007 8.2200

55.6597
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Subtracting Decimals
Subtract: 45.3 - 15.273

45.300
- 15.273

30.027
3-14

Multiplying Decimals
8.52 (2 decimal places) x 6.7 (1 decimal places)

3 decimal places 57084 5 decimal places 57.084

3776

.03776

Need to add zero

2.36 x .016
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Dividing Decimals
Step 1. Make the divisor a whole number by moving the decimal point to the right Step 2. Move the decimal point in the dividend to the right the same number of places as in step 1. If there are not
enough places, add zeros to the right of the dividend.

Example

2.5 32.800

25. 328.00 13.12 25. 328.00 25 78 75 30 25 50 50

Step 3. Place the decimal point in the quotient above the new decimal point in the dividend. Divide as usual.

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Decimals Applications in Foreign Currency

The Wall Street Journal clip shows in China the price of Microsoft Office was reduced to 199 yuan from an original price of 699 yuan. Using the currencies table lets us see what the original as well as sales price is in U.S. dollars. In the table on page 74 1 yuan equals $.1463. To find the original selling price you multiply the number of yuan (699) times $.1463. 699 yuan x $.1463 = $102.26

The original selling price in U.S. Dollars is $102.26. To find the new selling price in U.S. dollars, you multiply the number of yuan 199 times $.1463. The new selling price in U.S. dollars is $29.11.
$199 x $.1463 = $29.11
Table factor from currency table on page 74

Check $29.11 x 6.8348 = 198.96 yuan

Each 1 equal 6.8348 yuan

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Shortcuts for Multiples of 10

Multiplication
Count the zeros in the multiplier Move the decimal point the same number of spaces to the right

6890

6.89 x 1000

6.89 x 10

68.9

6.89 x 100

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689

Shortcuts for Multiples of 10

Division
Count the zeros in the divisor

Move the decimal point the same

number of spaces to the left

.00689

6.89 / 1000

6.89 / 10

.689

6.89 / 100

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.0689