Lets Do Some Activity

WATER & STRAW

5.2 Understanding Refraction of Light

Refraction
Is due to a change in the speed of light as it passes from one medium to another.

Referred to as bending of light.

Bending of light

Reflection?

Reflection

The angle of incidence = The angle of reflection

New Verb
Incident Ray
The ray in the first medium Angle of Incident, I

The angle between the incident ray and the normal.

New Verb
Refracted Ray
The light ray in the second medium

Angle of Refracted
The angle between the refracted ray and the normal.

How the light ray moved in the two different medium ?

Normal

Incident Ray

r
Refracted Ray

Bending of light can happen in two different situation :

Figure A Figure B

Less dense medium to denser medium

Denser medium to less dense medium

FST = Fast to Slow, Towards Normal

If a ray of light passes across the boundary from a material in which it travels fast into a material in which travels slower, then the light ray will bend towards the normal line

SFA = Slow to Fast, Away From Normal

If a ray of light passes across the boundary from a material in which it travels slow into a material in which travels faster, then the light ray will bend away from the normal line.

Refractive Index
Refractive index, n

SpeedOfLig htInVacum / air n SpeedOfLig htInTheMedium

The speed of light will decreased when it enters an optically denser medium. Increase when it enters an optically less dense medium.

Refractive Index Table

MEDIUM Vacuum Air Water Ethanol Glycerin Crown Glass Diamond REFRACTIVE INDEX,n 1.00 1.0003 = 1.00 1.33 1.36 1.47 1.52 2.42

Laws of Refraction ( SNELLS LAW)

i. The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal all lie in the same plane.

ii. The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence ( sin i ) to the of the angle of refraction ( sin r ) is a constant

sin i vacuum n sin r medium

Real Depth & Apparent Depth

Real depth : The distance between the water surface and the object. (D) Apparent depth: The distance between the water surface and the image. (D)
Re alDepth, D n ApparentDepth, D '

image

object

NUMBER ZERO

LUCKY CHARMED

F lash Mov ie

Lets Answer Some Questions

QUESTION1
If the speed of light in vacuum is 3x 108m s-1 and the refractive index of glass is 1.5.

Calculate the speed of light in glass.

ANSWER
SpeedOfLig htInVacum / air n SpeedOfLig htInTheMedium
3 10 8 ms 1 1.5 v

V 2.0 10 ms
8

QUESTION2

A light ray travels from the medium air to medium glass. If the angle of incident is and the refractive index of glass is 1.5. Calculate the angle of refraction.

ANSWER
sin i sin n sin 30 sin r 1.5

sin r 0.33

r 19.47

QUESTION3
Refractive index of ice is 1.31 and the speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 m s-1. Calculate the speed of light in ice.

ANSWER
SpeedOfLig htInVacum / air n SpeedOfLig htInTheMedium
3 10 8 ms 1 1.31 v

V 2.29 10 ms
8

QUESTION4

A light ray travels from the ice medium to the air medium. If the speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108 m s-1 and the refractive index of glass is 1.31. Calculate the angle of refraction,

ANSWER
sin n sin r
sin (1.31) sin 15

sin 0.339

19.8

QUESTION5

A light ray travels from the liquid medium to the air medium. If the angle of incident is 45 degree and the angle of refraction is 60 degree. Calculate the refractive index.

ANSWER
sin i vacuum n sin r medium
sin 60 n sin 45

n 1.22

QUESTION6

A light ray travels from the glass medium to the air medium. If the angle of incident is 25 degree and the refractive index of glass is 1.5. Calculate the angle of refraction.

ANSWER
sin i n sin r

sin i 1.5 sin 25

i 39.34

Cut & Paste Puzzle

Have you understand about the less dense medium and denser medium? Now, show how the light rays travel:Less dense medium to denser medium. Denser medium to less dense medium.