C++ Programming

By: Chris Anna

Table of Contents
History What is C++? Development of C++ Standardized C++ What are the features of C++? What is Object Orientation? Encapsulation Java and C++ Advantages and Disadvantages The future of C++

History
The name C++ was created by Rick Mascitti and was first used in December of 1983. Stroustrup worked on C in 1979. Wanted to develop a language to enhance software development. He chose C because it is general-purpose, fast and portable. He later enhanced C and it became C++.

What is C++
C++ programming is a programming language designed to making programming more enjoyable for the serious programmer. In the 1990s it became one of the most popular programming languages in the world.

Development
C++, designed by Bell Labs Bjarne Stroustup, was developed as an enhancement to the C programming language. Enhancements Included the addition of classes followed by many features such as:
Virtual functions Operator overloading Multiple Inheritance Templates Exception handling

Standardized C++
In 1998 C++ Programming became standardized It consists of Two parts:
Core Language - pure programming language, generally organized into statement blocks; the core language is often developed into libraries, which are then used during programming. Standard Library - a collection of classes and functions; which are written in the core language. The Standard Library includes functions for data conversion, input, output, string manipulation, and other procedures.

Features of C++
Features of C++ include an improved version of C:
Function casts New / Delete Default arguments Function overloading Name spaces Templates

Object Oriented Features of C++

C++ introduces object oriented features to C. Object orientation is a computer programming paradigm that emphasizes on: Objects - packaging data and functionality together into units within a running computer program. Abstraction - combining multiple smaller operations into a single unit that can be referred to by name Polymorphism - using the same name to invoke different operations on objects of different data types. Inheritence - defining objects data types as extensions and/or restrictions of other object data types.

Encapsulation And What It Does

C++ allows all members of a class to be declared public, private or protected. Encapsulation describes- leaving out some details of implementation on purpose from the public Public member - Member of the class that will be accessible to every other class. Private - will only be accessible within that class. Protected - will only be accessible to the class in which it is in and the classes that inherit said class

Java and C++

Java is considered a much simpler and easy to use object-oriented programming language when compared to the popular programming language, C++. Java replaced the complexity of multiple inheritance in C++ with a simple structure called interface, and also has eliminated the use of pointers. Java uses automatic memory allocation and garbage collection. C++ requires the programmer to allocate memory and to collect garbage

Advantages of C++
C++ Has compiler support and debuggers. C++ Has a large selection of literature One class can have more than one base class, which is referred to as Polymorphism.

Disadvantages of C++
Not available on OS9 C++ is difficult to learn and can often become confusing. Extensive use on some features such as, Operator overloading, Function overloading, and virtual functions can make C++ unreadable. Executables are large (500kb) compared to OIC (150kb).

Future Development
C++ continues to evolve to meet future requirements. C++ will capitalize on its multi-paradigm nature more. Name decoration and making object code produced by different compilers incompatible are still lacking in C++ standard.

Future Development
Ports to platforms such as Solaris and Linux. More use of Inline Functions.