5 MINUTE QUIZ

1.

2.
3.

What is linguistics? What is phonology? Name one branch of linguistics and give a brief description.

WHAT IS PHONETICS?
Phoneti cs i s the study of speech sounds There are three aspects to the study of speech sounds: - articulatory : the study of the producti on of speech sounds - acoustic phonetics: the study of the transmi ssi on and the physi cal properti es of speech sounds (e.g. i ntensi ty, durati on) - auditory phoneti cs: the study of the percepti on of speech sounds.

ARTICULATORY PHONETICS

articulatory phonetic: what is involved in the actual movement of various parts of the vocal tract during speech: organs of speech; oral, pharyngeal and nasal cavities; articulators, lungs and diaphragm)

all speech sounds result from air being somehow obstructed or modified within the vocal tract. This involves 3 processes working together: a) the airstream process--the source of air used in making the sound. b) the phonation process--the behavior of the vocal cords in the glottis during the production of the sound. c) the oro-nasal process--the modification of that flow of air in the vocal track (from the glottis to the lips and nose).

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

IPA The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is the alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.The IPA is used by foreign language students and teachers, linguists, speech therapists, singers, actors, lexicographers, artificial language enthusiasts, and translators.

ENGLISH CONSONANTS
Consonants are speech sounds produced with a narrowing somewhere in the vocal tract. When we describe a consonant, we need to provide THREE pieces of information: - Is the sound voiced or voiceless? - Where is the airstream constricted (i.e. the place of articulation) - How is the airstream constricted? (i.e manner of articulation).

1.VOICED VS. VOICELESS

When is a sound is voiced or voiced, it depends on the state of the glottis ( ) . At the bottom of the glottis, we find the vocal cords. When the vocal cords vibrate, the sound is voiced. If they dont vibrate, the sound produced is voiceless. Examples: p. 50

2. PLACE OF ARTICULATION

Read page 51.

3. MANNER OF ARTICULATION
Manner of articulation focus on how the airstream is modified by the vocal tract to produce the sound: Types: stops, fricative, affricates, nasals, liquids and glides. Read pages. 52-53.

CONSONANT CHART

See page 54.

ORGANS OF SPEECH

The Organs of Speech 1-nasal cavity 2-lips 3-teeth 4-aveolar ridge 5-hard palate 6-velum (soft palate) 7-uvula 8-apex (tip) of tongue 9-blade (front) of tongue 10-dorsum (back) of tongue 11-oral cavity 12-pharynx 13-epiglottis 14-larynx 15-vocal cords 16-trachea 17-esophagus

PRACTISE
http://www.stuff.co.uk/calcul_nd.htm http://wwwedu.ge.ch/cptic/prospective/projets /anglais/exercises/phonetic1.htm

VOWELS
There are two types of vowels: -monophthongs: one part vowel -diphthongs: two part vowels Vowels (monophthongs) are affected by: tongue height, tonge advancement, lip rounding, and tenseness. Read pp. 67-58 for details.

VOWELS

The IPA defines a vowel as a sound which occurs at a syllable center. Below is a chart depicting the vowels of the IPA. The IPA maps the vowels according to the position of the tongue. The vertical axis of the chart is mapped by vowel height. Vowels pronounced with the tongue lowered are at the bottom, and vowels pronounced with the tongue raised are at the top. For example, [](said as the "a" in "palm") is at the bottom because the tongue is lowered in this position. However, [i] (said as the vowel in "meet") is at the top because the sound is said with the tongue raised to the roof of the mouth. In a similar fashion, the horizontal axis of the chart is determined by vowel backness. Vowels with the tongue moved towards the front of the mouth (such as [], the vowel in "met") are to the left in the chart, while those in which it is moved to the back (such as [], the vowel in "but") are placed to the right in the chart. In places where vowels are paired, the right represents a rounded vowel (in which the lips are rounded) while the left is its unrounded counterpart.

VOWELS-DIPHTHONGS
Diphthongs are two-part vowel sounds consisting of transition from one vowel to another. Example: when saying the word eye slowly, you notice that your tongue starts from lowback position for [a] and moves towards high position []

VOWELS: PLACE OF PRODUCTION

VOWELS CHART

CHANGE FROM IPA TO NORMAL WRITING

| a ndo ln bat lwstks | t s ret ks |wt a ndo mst s fnetks | t stdz ha sandz | prdjust n ma | For more fun, visit this website and enjoy transcribing http://www.photransedit.com/Online/Text2Phon etics.aspx

EXERCICE: TRANSCRIBE THE FOLLOWING

Dear daughter, Thank you for your letter. It was a pleasure tohear your news again. I am working day and night trying to get used to this country. Life can be tough at times. But, I am enjoying the experience. Talk soon, Dad

ANSWER
| d dt | k ju f j let | t wz ple tu h j njuz en | a m wk de nd nat | tra tu et just tu s kntri | laf kn bi tf t tamz | bt | a m ndo i ksprns | tk sun | dd |