LESSON 12

Chemical reaction can be expressed using chemical equation, a

series of representation of the reaction occur which can be express by chemical formula For example, when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid, it will form sodium chloride and water. In Word Equation : Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + water In Chemical Equation : NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) In this reaction
Reactants Products

NaOH and HCl

NaCl and H2O

 Another example, when potassium iodide reacts with lead (II) nitrate, it

will form lead (II) iodide & potassium nitrate In Word Equation : Potassium iodide + lead (II) nitrate potassium nitrate + lead (II) iodide In Chemical Equation : 2 KI (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) 2 KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s) In this reaction
Reactants Products

KI and Pb(NO3)2 KNO3 and PbI2

Steps use to balance chemical equation 1. First, write out the reactants and product for this reaction. 2. Then, count the number of element involved in this reaction for the both side 3. Balanced the number of elements involved at the both side of the reaction 4. Write out the completed chemical equation.

1. 2.

3.
4. 5.

6.

C (s) + O2 (g) CO (g) 2 C (s) + O2 (g) 2 CO (g) H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O (l) 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O (l) NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (s) + H2O (l) NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (s) + H2O (l) KOH (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) K2SO4 (s) + H2O (l) 2 KOH (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) K2SO4 (s) + 2 H2O (l) Mg(OH)2 (aq) + HCl (aq) MgCl2 (s) + H2O (l) Mg(OH)2 (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) MgCl2 (s) + 2 H2O (l) Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 (aq) CaSO4 (s) + H2O (l) Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 (aq) CaSO4 (s) + 2 H2O (l)

7. 8.

9.
10. 11. 12. 13.

Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + KI (aq) PbI2 (s) + KNO3 (aq) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq) PbI2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq) N2 (g) + H2 (g) NH3 (g) N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g) SO2 (g) + O2 (g) SO3 (g) 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 SO3 (g) C2H6 (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l) 2 C2H6 (g) + 7 O2 (g) 4 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) NaCl (s) + F2 (g) NaF (s) + Cl2 (g) 2 NaCl (s) + F2 (g) 2 NaF (s) + Cl2 (g) FeS2 (s) + O2 (g) Fe2O3 (s) + SO2 (g) 4 FeS2 (s) + 11 O2 (g) 2 Fe2O3 (s) + 8 SO2 (g) C7H6O2 (l) + O2 (g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l) 2 C7H6O2 (l) + 15 O2 (g) 14 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l)

ZnS (s) + O2 (g) ZnO (s) + SO2 (g) 2 ZnS (s) + 3 O2 (g) 2 ZnO (s) + 2 SO2 (g) 15. HNO3 (aq) + CaCO3 (s) Ca(NO3)2 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) 2 HNO3 (aq) + CaCO3 (s) Ca(NO3)2 (s) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) 16. BCl3 (s) + P4 (s) + H2 (g) BP (s) + HCl (g) 4 BCl3 (s) + P4 (s) + 6 H2 (g) 4 BP (s) + 12 HCl (g) 17. HCl (aq) + K2S2O3 (aq) KCl(aq) + S (s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l) 2HCl (aq) + K2S2O3 (aq) 2KCl(aq) + S (s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l) 18. (NH4)2Cr2O7 (aq) N2 (g) + Cr2O3 (s) + H2O (l) (NH4)2Cr2O7 (aq) N2 (g) + Cr2O3 (s) + 4 H2O (l) 19. Zn3Sb2 (s) + H2O (l) Zn(OH)2 (s) + SbH3 (l) Zn3Sb2 (s) + 6 H2O (l) 3 Zn(OH)2 (s) + 2 SbH3 (l) 20. HClO4 (g) + P4O10 (s) H3PO4 (s) + Cl2O7 (g) 12 HClO4 (g) + P4O10 (s) 4 H3PO4 (s) + 6 Cl2O7 (g) 14.

Write the chemical formulae based on the situation and balanced the equation. 1. Hydrogen gas burned with oxygen gas to form water 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 H2O (l) 2. Carbon burned with air to form carbon monoxide 2 C (s) + O2 (g) 2 CO (g) 3. Sulphur burned with air to form sulphur dioxide S (s) + O2 (g) SO2 (g) 4. Hot iron metal reacts with chlorine gas to form iron (III) chloride powder 2 Fe (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) 2 FeCl3 (s) 5. Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia gas. N2 (g) + 3 H2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

6. Sodium hydroxide is neutralised by hydrochloric acid to form sodium chloride aqueous solution with water NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) NaCl (aq) + H2O (l) 7. Plants produce oxygen and glucose (C6H12O6) by reacting carbon dioxide with water through photosynthesis. 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) C6H12O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g) 8. Propane (C3H8) burned with air to form carbon dioxide and water. C3H8 (g) + 5 O2 (g) 3 CO2 + 4 H2O (l) 9. Sulphur dioxide is further react with air to form sulphur trioxide. 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) 2 SO3 (g) 10. Hydrogen iodide reacts with sulphuric acid to form iodine solid, hydrogen sulphide and water. 8 HI (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) 4 I2 (s) + H2S (g) + 4 H2O (l)