PREPAID ENERGY METER

Presented by B . Sumalatha S . Manasalakshmi S.Rama sudha B.Padamvathi O.Swathi

CONTENTS:
Introduction Equipements used Presently where it used Block diagram Working of the project Software tools Advantages Applications Scope for future advancements Conclusion

INTRODUCTION
An embedded system is a combination of software and hardware to perform a dedicated task. Some of the main devices used in embedded products are Microprocessors and Microcontrollers. As everyone in this competitive world prefers to make the things easy and simple to handle, this project sets an example to some extent. This project enables the user to consume the electricity based on the prepaid recharge card he gets from the electrical department. A scheme of Electricity billing system called

PREPAID ENERGY METER WITH TARIFF INDICATOR .

EQUIPMENT USED
The Major Equipment used here are:
o

AT89S52 Microcontroller EEPROM Liquid Crystal Display(LCD)

Relay

PRESENTLY

WHERE IT USED

In the UK, mechanical prepayment meters used to be common in rented accommodation. In the UK, one system is the PayPoint network, where rechargeable tokens (Quantum cards for natural gas, or plastic "keys" for electricity) can be loaded with whatever money the customer has available. In South Africa, Sudan and Northern Ireland prepaid meters are recharged by entering a unique, encoded twenty digit number using a keypad. This makes the tokens, essentially a slip of paper, very cheap to produce. Around the world, experiments are going on, especially in developing countries, to test pre-payment systems. To make the system easily accessible by customers.

AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER
8K

Bytes of In-System Flash Memory 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources

PIN DIAGRAM OF AT89S52

PIN DESCRIPTION
Vcc Pin 40 provides supply voltage to the chip. The voltage source is +5V. GND Pin 20 is the ground. RESET Pin9 is the reset pin. It is an input and is active high. Upon applying a high pulse to this pin, the microcontroller will reset and terminate all the activities. This is often referred to as a power-on reset.

EEPROM (ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY)

The 24C04 is a 4Kbytes electrically erasable programmable memory (EEPROM), organized as 2 blocks of 256 x8 bits. They are manufactured in ST Microelectronics Hi-Endurance Advanced CMOS technology which guarantees an endurance of one million erase/write cycles with a data retention of 40 years. The memories are compatible with the I2C standard, two wire serial interface which uses a bidirectional data bus and serial clock

PIN DIAGRAM OF EEPROM

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY(LCD)

In our project we will be using a LCD for displaying balance . We will be using a 16x2 LCD for this purpose. We interface LCD with Micro Controller as shown

RELAY

A relay is an electrically controllable switch widely used in industrial controls, automobiles and appliances.

Fig: Circuit symbol of a relay

RELAY OPERATION

Transistors and ICs must be protected from the brief high voltage 'spike' produced when the relay coil is switched off.

POWER SUPPLIENG UNIT

This system uses 5V regulated power supply for the microcontroller and ADC unit and 18V supply for the load. This is provided by the 18V, 2Amp transformer.

BUZZER The buzzer subsystem produces an audible tone when powered. Buzzers come in a variety of voltages and currents. The power supply for the buzzer (which can be separate from the supply for the rest of the electronics) must provide the voltage needed by the buzzer.

LED A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. . LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, and faster switching.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

230v/18v Step downT/F

Energy Meter Relay

5V Regulated supply
16X2 LCD

Load

BUZZER

AT 89S52
Crystal Oscillator

MCU
EEPROM

RESET

SLOT FOR RECHARGE

WORKING OF THE PROJECT

We can divide the working of the entire project into two major parts. Where one is Loading the amount into the unit. And the other is consumption of the amount and displaying that on a LCD. In first part we insert the recharged card into the slot and load the amount into the unit. And in the later one the ADC(Energy Meter)counts the units utilized by the consumer and will convert the analog data into digital data and will give to the controller.

CONTD..,
Now the Micro Controller will decrease the amount following the usage calculated according to the tariff programmed. The net balance will be displayed in LCD. This system is designed to provide a greater advantage for producing voice based announcement for the user. This APR9600 module continuously indicates the user with voice based announcements. The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and playback capability for 40 to 60 seconds.

SOFTWARE TOOLS
We use KEIL and PROLOAD softwares to write the program in embedded C language and to dump the program into the Micro Controller respectively. KEIL KEIL is a software used where the machine language code is written and compiled. After compilation, the machine source code is converted into hex code which is to be dumped into the microcontroller for further processing. KEIL compiler also supports C language code.

CONTD..,
PROLOAD PROLOAD is a software which accepts only hex files. Once the machine code is converted into hex code, that hex code has to be dumped into the microcontroller placed in the programmer kit and this is done by the PROLOAD.

ADVANTAGES

Advantage for the electricity department as this unit can be utilized effectively for preventing power theft, nonpayment of electricity bills etc Cost of manpower for billing / collection is reduced. Sophisticated security

Better customer service

APPLICATIONS

Banks Offices

Industries
Jeweler Shops and Home Applications

SCOPE FOR FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS

CARD SECURITY-Programming a PIN number to the EEPROM card to avoid un authorized usage of the card. INTERFACING A GSM-We can implement an advancement to this system by interfacing a GSM modem to the system so that we can get the balance information to our mobile as well we can recharge it from anywhere.

CONCLUSION
Prepaid energy meter is a concept to minimize the Electricity theft with a cost efficient manner. The users are not bound to pay excesses amount of money , users have to pay according to their requirement . It can reduces problem associated with billing consumer living in isolated area and reduces deployment of manpower for taking meter readings. Prepaid energy meter is more reliable and user friendly.