Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
What is an Organization?
Importance of Organizations
Importance of Organizations Importance of Organizations (contd) Adapt to and influence a changing environment Create value for owners, customers and employees
Nature and Purpose of Organizing Verifiable objectives A clear idea of the major duties and activities involved An understood area of discretion or authority so that the person filling the role knows what he can do to accomplish goals
Steps in organizing are : The identification and classification of required activities The grouping of activities necessary to attain the objectives.
spans of control
Flat structures have fewer levels and wide spans of control
Span of Control
Refers to the number of subordinates who report
Communication Techniques
Amount of personal contact needed Variation by organization level A manager who is competent and well trained can effectively supervise more people. Positive attitude of subordinates towards assumption of responsibility as well as their willingness to take reasonable risk.
12
13
15
Technical Support
Middle Management
Administrative Support
Technical Core
Culture Structure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Formalization Specialization Hierarchy of Authority Centralization Professionalism Personnel Ratios
Technology
17
SMALL
Responsive Flexible Regional reach Flat structure Organic Simple Niche finding Entrepreneurs
Economies of scale Global reach Vertical hierarchy Mechanistic Complex Stable market Career longevity and stability
Departmentalization
2. Departmentation by Time
3. Departmentation by Enterprise functions 4. Departmentation by Territory/Geography 5. Departmentation by Product 6. Process/Equipment Departmentation
7. Customer Departmentation
8. Matrix Departmentation
Departmentation by time Suitable for lower level of the organization Oldest form structuring organization Grouping of activities according to basis of time
Dis-advantages 1. Supervising during night shift becomes difficult 2. There is fatigue factor, since it is difficult for most employees to change their biological clock
coordination and communication 4. Payment of overtime can increase the cost of production or services rendered.