WHAT IS FAMILY?

FAMILY IS A GROUP OF BIOLOGICALLY

RELATED INDIVIDUALS LIVING TOGETHER AND EATING FROM A COMMON KITCHEN.

THE FAMILY IS A PRIMARY UNIT IN ALL

SOCIETIES.

 SHELTER-That the house should provide a sanitary

shelter which is a basic need.

FAMILY LIFE- That the house should provide for

adequate space for family life and related activities, viz preparation and storage of food, meeting , sleeping ,individual activities and other basic needs.

 ACCESS TO COMMUNITY FACILITIES-A third

element of housing is accessibility to community services and facilities such as health services, schools, shopping areas , places of worship etc. FAMILY PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY LIFE -Family is a part of the wider community. Community is important to the family in many ways-it can offer help in times of need, it is an important source of friends. Communities are able to pool their efforts and improve their living conditions. ECONOMIC STABILIT Y- Housing is a form of investment of personal savings. It provides for economic stability and well being of the family.

Criteria for healthful housing

ACCORDING TO WHO STANDARDS,

Healthful housing provides physical protection and shelter Provides adequately for cooking, eating, washing, excretory

functions and sleeping. Is designed, constructed, maintained and used in a manner such as to prevent the spread of communicable diseases Provides for protection from hazards of exposure to noise and pollution. Is free from unsafe physical arrangements due to construction or maintenance and from toxic or harmful materials Encourages personal and community development, promotes social relationships, reflects a regard for ecological principles and by these means promotes mental health

OBJECTIVE
TO ASSESS THE HOUSING CONDITION. TO ASSESS THE WASTE DISPOSAL. TO STUDY THE NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE. TO GIVE SUITABLE RECOMMENDATIONS.

STUDY AREA
WARD NO. 7
RAJPUR SONARPUR MUNICIPALITY KADARHAT,24 PARGANAS,WEST BENGAL

STUDY PERIOD
17.8.2012 TO 10.9.2012

STUDY POPULATION
30000

STUDY TOOLS
MEASURING TAPE,CAMERA ETC

THE STANDARDS ARE NO LONGER CONFINED TO NARROW HEALTH CRITERIA LIKE PER CAPITA SPACE AND FLOOR SPACE.SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS SUCH AS FAMILY INCOME,FAMILY SIZE AND COMPOSITION,STANDARD OF LIVING,LIFE STYLE,STAGE IN LIFE CYCLE,EDUCATION AND CULTURAL FACTORS MUST BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION IN DETERMINING HOUSING STANDARDS. THE STANDARDS RECOMMENDED BY EHC AND THOSE FOUND IN THE STUDIED FAMILY ARE AS FOLLOWS---------

STANDARD SET BY EHC

FINDING IN FAMILY

SITE-

-The site should be elevated from

its surroundings -It should be away from the breeding places of mosquitoes and flies -the site should have an independent access to a street of adequate width -it should be away from dust,smoke,smell,noise and traffic -It should have pleasant surroundings -the soil should be dry and safe for founding the structure and should be well-drained

It has an independent access to the street which joins with the main street outside It is away from noise, smoke etc Not away from breeding grounds of mosquitoes Soil is moderately dry The site is elevated from the surroundings by at least 3 feet It is well-drained and has a separate drain that runs round the house and finally joins with the main drain on the street

STANDARD SET BY EHC

SET-BACK AREA-

FINDING IN FAMILY

For proper lighting and ventilation, there should be an open space all round the house-this is called set-back". In rural areas it is recommended that the built-up area should not exceed onethird of the total area; In urban areas where land is costly, the built up area may be up to two-thirds.

In an urban area like Sonarpur,the set-back area is inadequate and forms about one sixth (i.e. katha)of the total land area(i.e. 3 katha) There isnt much obstruction to lighting and ventilation

THE FAMILY SETBACK AREA

THE FAMILY SETBACK AREA

STANDARD SET BY EHC

FINDING IN FAMILY

FLOOR-The floor should be

pucca. It should be impermeable so that it can be easily washed and kept clean and dry . Mud floors tend to break up and cause dust. The floor must be smooth and free from cracks and crevices to prevent the breeding of insects and harbourage of dust. The floors should be dampproof The height of the plinth should be 2 to 3 feet

It

is pucca The plinth is about 3 feet in height It is smooth Without cracks and crevices It is dry It is damp-proof

Floor Area- The floor area of a living room should be at least

120 sq. ft for occupancy by more than one person and at least 100 sq. ft for occupancy by a single person. The minimum floor area per person for a living room is 50 sq. ft. and the optimum is 100 sq. ft.

OBSERVATION
The floor area for: living room is : 120 sq. Ft.

ROOF-The height of the roof should not be less than 10 feet in the
absence of air-conditioning for comfort. The roof should have low heat transmittance coefficient.

WALLS AND ROOF OF THE HOUSE

The familys house is semi-pucca with asbestos shed for roof and the walls are strong and cemented, plastered and painted The walls are without cracks or crevices and unsuitable for harbourage of rats and vermin The roof is about 10 feet high

ROOMSThe number of living rooms should not be less than two,atleast one of which can be closed for security.The other may be open on one side if that side is a private courtyard.

THE ROOMS IN THE HOUSE

There is one living room in the house,a kitchen and a verandah.Dimensions of the rooms are as: The living room: 12 feet x 10 feet The kitchen: 8 feet x 10 feet The veranda: 3 feet x 10 feet

STANDARD SET BY EHC

FINDING IN FAMILY

WINDOWS-Unless mechanical ventilation and artificial lighting are provided, every living room should be provided with at least 2 windows, and at least one of them should open directly onto an open space. The windows should be placed at a height of not more than 3 feet above the ground in the living rooms The window area should be at least 1/5th of the floor area.

The house has adequate windows for ventilation and they are of adequate size There are two windows in living room, two windows in the kitchen. Windows are about 2.5 feet above the ground Dimensions of each are: 3 feet x 2 feet

STANDARD SET BY EHC

FINDING IN FAMILY

KITCHEN-The

kitchen must be protected against dust and smoke, adequately lighted, provided with arrangements for storing food and provisions, provided with water supply, provided with a sink for washing utensils and fitted with arrangements for proper drainage.

It is adequately lighted However, it lacks provisions for water supply. Water has to be carried inside, in a bucket, from a tube well outside. Also it doesnt have any provisions for water supply and drainage.

These should be removed from the dwelling at least daily and disposed off in a sanitary manner. Different methods of garbage disposal: 1)Dumping 2)Controlled tipping 3)Incineration 4)Composting 5)Manure Pits 6)Burial

 THE GARBAGE IS COLLECTED IN AN OPEN

DUSTBIN.IT IS COLLECTED DAILY BY A MUNICIPALITY WORKER. SOMETIMES THROWN IN THE POND NEARBY.

 It refers to the situation in which more

people are living within a single dwelling than there is space for. it leads to spread of infectious disease. The accepted standards with respect to overcrowding are as below 1)persons per room 2)Floor space 3)sex separation
PER ALL THE CRITERIA.

AS SEEN EARLIER,OVERCROWDING PRESENT AS

 The term solid wastes includes garbage(food

wasted),rubbish(paper,plastics,wood,metal),demolition products (bricks),sewage treatment products,dead animals,manure etc. The per capita daily solid waste produced ranges between 0.25 to 2.5 kg in different countries. Solid wastes,if allowed to accumulate, is a health hazard because: *it decomposes and favours fly breeding and attracts rodents and vermin *it causes soil and water pollution and the pathogens present may be conveyed back to food.

 SOURCES OF REFUSE
--REFUSE COLLECTED BY THE STREET CLEANSING

SERVICE OR SCAVENGING STREET REFUSE --REFUSE COLLECTED FROM MARKETS MARKET REFUSE --REFUSE THAT IS COLLECTED FROM STABLESSTABLE LITTER -- REFUSE FROM INDUSTRIES INDUSTRIAL REFUSE --REFUSE THAT IS COLLECTED FROM HOUSEHOLDSDOMESTIC REFUSE

 STORAGE THE FIRST CONSIDERATION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO

THE PROPER STORAGE OF REFUSE,WHILE AWAITING DISPOSAL. THE GALVANIZED STEEL DUST BIN WITH CLOSE FITTING COVER IS A SUITABLE RECEPTACLE FOR STORING REFUSE. THE CAPACITY OF A BIN WILL DEPEND ON THE NUMBER OF USERS AND THE FREQUENCY OF COLLECTION.

COLLECTION
HOUSE TO HOUSE COLLECTION IS THE BEST

METHOD OF COLLECTING REFUSE.

METHODS OF WASTE DIPOSAL

DUMPING

CONTROLLED TIPPING

INCINERATION

COMPOSTING

MANURE PITS

BURIAL

AT

INDIVIDUAL LEVEL

HAVING SAFE DRINKING WATER MAINTAINING PERSONAL HYGIENE KEEPING SURROUNDINGS CLEAN

AT

FAMILY LEVEL

PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL FAMILY PLANNING REGULAR CLEANING OF WATER SOURCE

AT

COMMUNITY LEVEL

SPREADING AWARENESS ABOUT DISEASES MAINTAINING SANITATION

TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINEK. PARK A GUIDE FOR COMMUNITY EXPOSURE PF STUDENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL THE TEACHERS OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE DEPARTMENT AND MY PARTNERS.

THAN K YOU...