Luthfia masykuroh 3425111417 Biologi 2011

Stating that the fact, general , and habitual action.

example : (+) he goes to school everyday. (-) he doesnt go to school everyday. (?) does he go to school everyday?

Formula : S + to be + N/adj/adv S + Vs/es + C

(+) Fire is hot. (-) Fire isnt hot. (?) Is fire hot?

Time marker : always, usually, everytime, every day, sometime, seldom, etc.

Stating that the ongoing action .

Formula : S + to be + Ving + C
Example : (+) she is reading now. (-) she isnt reading now. (?) is she reading now?

Time marker : Now, right now, at this moment, today, etc.

stating that the activities conducted the past and still have something to do with the present, but it did not last.

Formula : S + have/has + V3 + C
example : (+) I have read three books since this morning. (-) I havent read three books since this morning. (?) have i read three books since this morning? time marker : Since, already, for, twice, lately, etc.

Stating that the act which started at the time of the past and still persists today.

Example : (+) he has been working in this office for ten years. (-) he hasnt been working in this office for ten years. (?) has he been working in this office for ten years?

Formula : S + has/have + been + Ving + C

Time marker : For, since, how long, etc.

Stating that the act that was completed at the past (the time obviously)

Example : (+) deasy was blind. (-) deasy wasnt blind. (?) was deasy blind?

Formula : S + was/were + N/adj/adv S + V2 + C

(+) she went yesterday (-) she didnt go yesterday (?) did she go yesterday?

Time marker : Yesterday, the day before, last week, ago, etc.

Stating that the act had already started and is still going on when the other acts followed in the past

Example : (+) when i arrived, she was sleeping. (-) when i arrived, she wasnt sleeping. (?) was she sleeping, when i arrived ?

Formula : S + was/were + Ving + C

Time marker : When, while, etc.

Stating what she had done before the other actions performed on the past.

Example : (+) he had finished his homework before i came (-) he hadnt finished his homework before i came (?) had he finished his homework before i came?

Formula : S + had + V3 + C

Time marker : Before, when, by the time, after, by, etc.

Demonstrate ongoing actions in the past.

Formula : S + had + been + Ving + C

Example : (+) When I finished my dinner, he had been playing guitar (-) When I finished my dinner, he had not been playing guitar (?) had he been playing guitar, when i finished my dinner?

Time marker : By the time, before, when, etc.

Declare acts to be done in the future. Formula : S + will/shall + V1 + C S + is/am/are + going to + V1 + C Example :
(+) he will post the letter (+)im going to visit you tomorrow (-) he will not post the letter (-)im not going to visit you tomorrow (?) will he post the letter? (?)am i going to visit you tomorrow? Time marker : Tomorrow, soon, toninght, next.., etc.

Indicates actions that will occur when it is clear

Formula : S + will/shall + be + Ving + C

Example : (+) i will be going out all day tomorrow (-) i will not be going out all day tomorrow (?) will i be going out all day tomorrow ?

Time marker : All day+future time, at this tme, etc.

Stating that the act had begun in the past and soon will be completed in time to come.

Example : (+) By next week, I shall have read this book. (-) By next week, I shall not have read this book. (?) shall i have read this book by next week ?

Formula : S + will/shall + have + V3 + C

Time marker : By + future time, when, as soon as, by the end, etc.

Such as Future Perfect, but the act is likely to continue in the future.

Formula : S + will/shall + have + been + Ving + C

Example :

(+) By the end of this year, we shall have been studying Korean language for three years. (-) By the end of this year, we shall not have been studying Korean language for three years. (?) By the end of this year, shall we have been studying korean language for three years?
Time marker : For, since, etc.

Stating that the act will be done in the past

Formula : S + would/should + V1 + C
Example : (+) i should go to malang the next day. (-) i should not go to malang the next day. (?) should i go to malang the next day?

Time marker : The next day, the day before, etc.

Stating that will act being done in the past Formula :

S + would/should + be + Ving + c
Example : (+) I should be taking an examination at this time the following day (-) I should not be taking an examination at this time the following day (?) should i be taking an examination at this time the following day ? Time marker : At this time the following day, at 10 oclock yesterday,etc.

Stating assumptions that might not happen because the conditions are certainly not be met, but only as an assumption that the requirements are fulfilled in the past.

Formula : S + would/should + have + past participle

Example : (+) He would have graduated, if he had studied hard. (-) He wouldnt have graduated, if he had studied hard. (?) would he have graduated if he had study hard? *In fact : he didnt graduated.

Time marker : Future past perfect if past perfect.

Like Future Perfect Tense, but in the past.

Formula : S + would/should + have + been + Present Participle

Example : (+) By last Lebaran, I should have been working at that office for five years. (-) By last Lebaran, I should not have been working at that office for five years. (?) By last Lebaran, should i have been working at the office for five year?
Time marker : By the end of this moment + past signal, etc.