Debre Markos University Mechanical Engineering Department

Machine Drawing MEng 2301

Lecture 1 Fundamentals of Machine Drawing
By: Addisu Dagne
2012/13 Academic Year
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Contents
Paper size

Scales
Title block Lettering Bill of materials

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Paper size
Engineering drawings are prepared on drawing sheets of standard sizes. There exist standardized sheet formats for creating engineering drawings.

American National Standard (inch) A - 8.5x 11 B 11x 17 C 17x 22 D 22x 34 E 34x 44 International Standard ISO (mm) A4 210 x 297 A3 297 x 420 A2 420 x 594 A1 594 x 841 A0 841 x 1189

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Scales
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element of

an object as represented in the drawing, to the real linear dimension of the same element of the object itself. Wherever possible, it is desirable to make full size drawings, so as to represent true shapes and sizes. Designation The complete designation of a scale should consist of the word Scale, followed by the indication of its ratio as:
SCALE 1 : 1 for full size, SCALE : 1 for enlarged scales, SCALE 1 : for reduced scales.

The designation of the scale used on the drawing should be

shown in the title block.

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Scales
Drawing should be made to a scale which will give a

true feel of the object. Thus, 1 : 1 scale should be preferred. Yet if size of a part and machine is too large then reducing scales like 1 : 2, 1 : 2.5, 1 : 5 to 1 : 100 and 1 : 200 may be used. If the part is too small then enlarging scales like 10 : 1, 5 : 1 and 2 : 1 can be adopted.

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Title Block
The title block should lie within the drawing space such that, the

location of it, containing the identification of the drawing, is at the bottom right hand corner. This must be followed, both for sheets positioned horizontally or vertically. A title block in right hand bottom corner should always describe

Name of the institution, Title of the drawing, Name of the Student, Scale, ID No, Date, Sheet number and Roll number

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Title Block

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Drawing sheet layout

All Dimensions in mm
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Lettering
For writing on drawing one should be careful to make

it legible and uniform. Poor lettering will decrease the quality of the drawing The letters must conform to certain rules. The letters can be upright or slant. Slant letters are inclined at 75o to the vertical.

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Guide lines:
Lettering should be done with guide lines

Guide lines are very thin, very light construction lines

used as a guide to create uniform letters on engineering and technical drawings. Guide lines are constructed using a very sharp, hard pencil, such as a 4H, 5H, or 6H.

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Examples of poor hand-lettering technique

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Vertical Letters

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Slopping Letters

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Recommended heights of Letters

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General Rules for Lettering

The following rules should be observed while lettering: All letters should be written in capitals. Lower case letters should be used only when they are accepted in international usage for abbreviations. All letters and numerals should neither touch each other nor the lines. Space between letters should be approximately equal to 1/5 h. Poor spacing will affect the visual effect. Space between words may be equal to the width of alphabet M or 3/5 h.
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Bill of Materials
A listing of parts or

materials used in an assembled object. The listing is usually included as part of the working drawing of the full assembly.

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Bill of Materials

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