Seminar Topic On

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN INDIA

Tapas kumar Mishra 7th sem,Electrical

Under the able guidance of

Er. M.M. Patra Prof J.K. Maharana(HOD)

CONTENTS
Introduction Nuclear reaction Nuclear fission process Nuclear chain reaction Constituents of Nuclear power plant Nuclear Reactor(Main parts) Types of power reactors commonly used Nuclear energy deal in India

World Production of Electricity by the Fuel in 2002:

Nuclear Power Plants in India

Nuclear Reaction:A projectile is taken Mass-Energy conversion acc. to Einsteins equation

Nuclear Fission process:In this process heavy nucleus is splitted and release high energy 1 fission of U-235 causes 230 mev energy

Nuclear chain Reaction

When a neutron hits a U-235 3 neutrons produced Chain reaction is defined as a fission reaction where neutron from the previous reaction continue to propagate and repeat the reaction

Constituents of Nuclear power plant and layout

Nuclear Reactor
Main parts:1.Reactor core 2.Moderator 3.Control rods 4.Coolant 5.Reflector 6.Thermal shielding

Power Reactors in common use

Boiling water Reactor(BWR) Pressurized water Reactor(PWR) Heavy water cooled and moderated(CANDU TYPE) Reactor Gas Cooled Reactor Liquid metal cooled Reactor

1.Boiling Water Reactor

Fuel used is rich in uranium oxide. Ordinary water is used as both moderator and coolant. Low thermal efficiency. Cant meet sudden increase of load.

Basic Diagram of a BWR

A BWR in Practice

Boiling Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant

A reactor behaves in a similar manner. As the reactor water is boiled, its volume increases, and the steam escapes at high speed through the outlet piping. The piping is designed so the steam strikes the cups on the turbine wheel; the wheel spins and its shaft turns the copper coil in the electrical generator.

2: Pressurized Water Reactor(PWR)

Advantages:
Compactness Isolation of radio active system from main steam system Cheap light water used as both moderator and coolant

Disadvantages:
Strong pressure vessel is required Formation of low temp. steam High losses from heat exchanger High power consumption from auxilarities

Basic Diagram of a PWR

A PWR in Practice

3.Heavy Water Cooled and Moderated (CANDU Type) Reactor

Description of CANDU type reactor

It makes use of heavy hydrogen isotope (H12) as moderator Primary and secondary cicuits are similar to PWR Its very expensive to separate Control rods are not required It has high multiplication factor and low level fuel consumption

Advanced Reactor Designs Under Consideration

GE-Hitachi ABWR NRC Certified (1997) Westinghouse AP1000 NRC Certified (2005) GE-Hitachi ESBWR Under NRC Review AREVA US-EPR Under NRC review Mitsubishi US-APWR Under NRC Review

Benefits of Advanced Reactor Designs

Standardization Simpler and Safer Large scale power production Operating or under construction elsewhere

Indian Nuclear Program: The Present Status

12 PHWR & 2 BWR now under operation 4 PHWR and 2 LWR under commission 2950 MW generation & 3000 MW under commission Successful experiments with Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) for 500MWe under construction Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) using (Pu-Th) O2 MOX for 300MWe: advanced stage of design approval; construction soon to begin.

Reactor Generations

Gen I

Gen III+

Prototypes in 50s & 60s 70s & 80s Todays Operational Reactors BWR, PWR, CANDU, ABWR, APWR Approved 90s Some Built around the World

Gen II

Current Advanced Designs in the Approval Process Pebble Bed Reactor

Gen IV

Gen III

Deploy in 2030 Economical Safe Minimize Waste Reduce Proliferation

MAKING INDIA A NUCLEAR POWER

India 1948:-It was pt. Jawaharlal Nehru initiated Indias Nuclear energy program India 1967:-It was Indira Gandhi initiated Indias Nuclear weapons program

INDIA AFTER 2000

India 2005:-It was Dr. Manmohan Singh signed 123 agreement. India 2009:-Manmohan Singh is again interested to increase Indias civilian Nuclear energy India has signed Civil Nuclear Trade Agreement.

THANK YOU