Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
www.juniper.net
Agenda
Mobile overview and the transition to 3G
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
Agenda
Mobile overview and the transition to 3G 2.5G data networks 3G - phases of deployment. Focus areas: Layer 2/MPLS migration IP RAN and transition techniques IP Multimedia subsystem and QoS Push to Talk example IPv6 WLAN integration options Case studies
Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
Why 3G?
Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications!! For the consumer Video streaming, TV broadcast Video calls, video clips news, music, sports Enhanced gaming, chat, location services For business High speed teleworking / VPN access Sales force automation
Video conferencing
Real-time financial information
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
IMT-TC
IMT-MC IMT-SC
Timecode
Multicarrier Single Carrier
IMT-FT
Frequency Time
= DECT
No overlap separate systems, separate handsets (or dual mode) Packet cores use different technologies, with future harmonisation Also, other wireless access types not directly included: WLAN (more later), 802.16/WiMax
Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
HSCSD
Focus for today
GSM
Note - Havent shown DAMPS & PDC evolution paths Used in parts of US, Japan respectively
GSM
GPRS EDGE
WCDMA
Multiple phases
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
CDMA2000 evolution to 3G
IS-95B Uses multiple code channels Data rates up to 64kbps Many operators gone direct to 1xRTT CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Evolved Data Optimised Third phase in CDMA2000 evolution Standardised version of Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR) Adds TDMA components beneath code components Good for highly asymmetric high speed data apps Speeds to 2Mbps +, classed as a 3G system Use new or existing spectrum
1xEV-DO 1xRTT
CDMA2000 1xRTT: single carrier RTT First phase in CDMA2000 evolution Easy co-existence with IS-95A air interface Release 0 - max 144 kbps Release A max 384 kbps Same core network as IS-95
1xEV-DV
CDMA2000 3xRTT
CDMA2000 1x Evolved DV Fourth phase in CDMA2000 evolution Still under development Speeds to 5Mbps+ (more than 3xRTT!) Possible end game.
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
GSM evolution to 3G
High Speed Circuit Switched Data Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbps Good for real-time applications c.w. GPRS Inefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sent Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD) GSM Uses 8PSK modulation HSCSD 9.6kbps (one timeslot) 3x improvement in data rate on short distances GSM Data Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances Also called CSD Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps Can also be combined with HSCSD
GSM
GPRS
WCDMA
General Packet Radio Services Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time Contention based. Efficient, but variable delays GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)
Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.
EDGE
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
10
Radio Interfaces
Different in air interfaces Modulation and signaling
eg- GSM 900
Uplink:
Downlink:
AMPS TACS NMT
890-915 MHz
935-960 MHz
IS-54B IS-136
25MHz -> 124 carrier frequencies, spaced 200kHz apart One or more frequencies per base station ~270 kbps per carrier, divided into 8 channels = ~33kbps per channel
CONFIDENTIAL
GSM
www.juniper.net
11
3 bits
57 bits
1 26 bits 1
57 bits
546.5 s 577 s
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
12
SCP
Um Abis
TDM
PSTN
SIM
ME
BTS
Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Base Transceiver Station (BTS) aka Base Station Radio transceivers, defines cell Radiolink protocols with Mobile 800, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz frequencies most common Multiple freq. carriers / BTS
Base Station Controller (BSC) Radiochannel setup Handovers Frequency hopping Transcoders (TCU) GSM codec from 13kbps to standard G.703/64 kbps towards MSC
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
13
TDM
PSTN
BTS
BTS Depending on supplier, and design, urban or rural. Around 10- 40 BTSs per BSC Rough example - Around 1000 users per base station, 100 active - many variables
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
14
BSC
TDM ISUP/SS7
HLR
PSTN
BTS SIM VLR Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Phone switch plus: mobile registration call routing inter MSC handovers location updating CDR creation Home Location Register (HLR) information of each subscriber, type, service Current location of the subscriber Logically 1 HLR per GSM network Visitor Location Register (VLR) selected information from the HLR for all mobiles in MSC area Often bundled with MSC (VLR domain tied in with MSC coverage) Queries assigned HLR AUC EIR
Signaling System No. 7 (SS7) Packet signaling network AuC Auth. center EIR Equip ID register SCP Service control point
SS7 to PSTN
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
15
BSC BSC
Authentication Location
updating VLR
Handovers
Depending on supplier, and design, urban or rural. About 2-4 BSCs for each MSC About MSC per 200K subscribers Many variables
Integrates Call
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
16
Agenda
Mobile overview and the transition to 3G 2.5G data networks 3G - phases of deployment. Focus areas: Layer 2/MPLS migration IP RAN and transition techniques IP Multimedia subsystem and QoS Push to Talk example IPv6 WLAN integration options Case studies
Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
17
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
18
16
12
CS 3 CS 2
CS 1
4
0
27dB
23dB
19dB
15dB
11dB
7dB
3dB
C/I
CS1 guarantees connectivity under all conditions (signaling and start of data)
CS2 enhances the capacity and may be utilised during the data transfer phase CS3/CS4 will bring the highest speed but only under good conditions
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
19
MS 1 MS 2 MS 3 MS 4 MS 5 MS 6 MS 7 MS 8
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
20
WWW
LOGICAL LINK OVER RAN
GPRS TUNNEL ON IP
Dedicated Access
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
21
TDM
BTS
Abis
SIM
FR
Gb
HLR
AUC
IP
Gn Gi
Internet Corporate
Packet Control Unit (PCU) Forward data frames from TDM BSS to packet core New hardware in BSC
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Packet transfer to, from serving area Registration, authentication, mobility management / handover, CDRs logical links to BTS, tunnel to GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) Gateway to external IP networks (VPN/ISP etc) IP network security GPRS session mgmt, AAAA CDRs for charging
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
22
GPRS Interfaces
VLR HLR
Gs Gr Gc
BSS Gb
SGSN
Gn
Gd
GGSN
Gi
PDN
Gp
GGSN Ext. PLMN
SMSGMSC
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
23
BSC&PCU
BSC&PCU
E1/FR
IP network
One PCU per BSC Typically regionally located Depending on supplier, and traffic level (SA size)
Depending on supplier, and services offered Either distributed design or centralised 2-10 GGSNs per network is typical today (GGSNs can support 100,000s users today)
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
24
References:
IPSec / L2TP
IP/MPLS
User-data TCP/ UDP
IP
User-data
TCP/ UDP
IP
GTP
UDP
IP
User-data
TCP/ UDP
IP
WWW
GPRS tunnel on IP
Dedicated Access
IP
SNDCP
LLC BSSGP MAC GSM RF Network Service L1bis Network Service L1bis
GTP-U
UDP
GTP -U UDP IP L2 L1 L2
RLC
BSSGP
IP
L2 L1
Gi
L1
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
25
SCP GMSC
PSTN ISDN
BSS
4 3 HLR 2 3 AUC
Public ISP
Corporate
1. MS send a requests to the SGSN to be attached to the network. Capabilities are stated multislot, ciphering algorithms, CS and/or PS required Authentication between terminal and HLR Subscriber data downloaded to MSC/VLR and SGSN SGSN notifies terminal that it is attached, enters READY state
RADIUS
2. 3. 4.
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
26
How to connect?
User selects which external network to connect to
juniper.net
blackberry.net Resolved to a GGSN IP address by DNS at the SGSN The established data session to the GGSN is called a PDP context (Packet Data Protocol)
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
27
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
28
1
BSC with PCU
SCP GMSC
PSTN ISDN
juniper.net
BSS
AUC
2
Juniper.net
1. 2.
3. 4. 5.
SGSN validates request against subscription information downloaded from HLR during GPRS Attach
APN sent to DNS, IP address(s) of suitable GGSNs returned Logical connection using GTP created between SGSN and GGSN. IP address allocated to Mobile via local pools, RADIUS or DHCP - from operators own address range, or other - fixed addresses held in HLR - Proxy to RADIUS server in ISP or corporate domain
4 3 DNS
RADIUS
Public ISP
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
29
DHCP server
Locally configured pool / address From mobile operator or ISP address range
Hosted model
RADIUS proxy model
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
30
GGSN
RADIUS
DHCP
NAS
5a.Radius Authenticate Request 5b.Radius Authenticate Response 6a.DHCP Address Request 6b.DHCP Address Assignment 7. IPSec Security Functions 8. Create PDP Context Response 9. Activate PDP Context Accept
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
31
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
32
SGSN
GGSN
AAA
CG
PDN
IPCPConfReq
ActivatePDPContextReq
(APN,PCO)
CreatePDPContextReq
(APN, PCO)
AccessReq AccessAcc
AccountingReq
(START)
User IP packet
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
33
DNS
DNS
NTP
2x GGSN
NTP
DNS
DNS
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
34
Design issues how to interconnect the GGSN into the IP/MPLS core?
Different approaches
Use flat IP network and tunnelling to end customer site (IPSEC, L2TP, GRE etc)
Static VR/VRFs meshed to local PE: Pros: simple model, allows external inline devices (eg FW) Cons: hard to manage/scale with redundancy (routing instances), local connections must be configured
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
35
GPRS roaming
Visited HLR
Internet
Gp
GRX GPRS Roaming Exchange (similar to an Internet peering exchange)
IPSec/Internet LL
Home
Gp
Home services
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
36
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
37
Fall back to GMSK modulation when far from the base station Combine with GPRS: EGPRS; up to ~ 473 Kbps. NB: GPRS & EGPRS can share time slots
New handsets / terminal equipment; additional hardware in the BTS Core network and the rest remains the same TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) frame structure
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
38
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
39
Nokia expects to ship > 100 million EDGE phones by end 2005; 10 different models by 1H04
Esa Harju, Nokia Global Director Marketing, December 2003
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
40
Agenda
Mobile overview and the transition to 3G 2.5G data networks 3G - phases of deployment. Focus areas: Layer 2/MPLS migration IP RAN and transition techniques IP Multimedia subsystem and QoS Push to Talk example IPv6 WLAN integration options Case studies
Copyright 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc.
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
41
Produces specs for 3G system based on ETSI UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Interface)
Also develops further enhancements for GSM/GPRS/EDGE Several org partners including ETSI, CWTS China Wireless Telecommunications Standards www.3gpp.org eg- Juniper is an active member and contributor
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
42
3GPP structure
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
43
3GPP Releases
3GPP Release 6 3GPP Release 5
3GPP Release 4
3GPP Release 99
Versions of 3GPP Release 1999
ETSI GSM I II
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
1990 1996
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
44
www.3gpp.org
1 presented for information 2 presented for approval 3 approved R99 4 approved R4 5 approved R5 6 approved R6 Major rev Minor rev
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
45
Involvement at 3GPP
Areas of focus:
Standards that impact Mobile backbone and GGSN infrastructure Inter-working of Core network with external networks 3G Service policy management IPv6 and inter-working with IPv4 IP Multimedia Subsystem IP Security Transition of interfaces to IP Iu-CS, Nb, Signalling
IP RAN
3GPP and WLAN Integration WLAN working group at SA2
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
46
TS 29.061 Inter-working between GPRS/UMTS networks with external PDN (in conjunction with Ericsson) Description on use of IPv6 in the user plane based on dynamic IPv6 Address Allocation (stateless address auto-configuration), RADIUS
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
47
Supported creation of new WI for Stage 3 work on Policy-based control of DiffServ Edge functions TS 29.207 (in conjunction with Nortel and Ericsson) Alignment of Go PIB with IETF DiffServ and Framework PIB
CONFIDENTIAL
www.juniper.net
48