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Type of landslide
Fall type landslide
Usually occurring in rock slopes, rock displacement and rock fall
with a very fast movement.
Newcastle , Australia
Type of landslide
Slide type landslide
Slides are usually caused by mass movements that present a well-
defined failure wedge and surface
18 June 1972
30 July 1997
- Surcharge
Soil nail
Slope reinforced by the inserting
steel reinforcing bars
Hong Kong
Soil re-compaction
Excavate loose soil and backfill
re-compaction
Soil replacement
Use other material replacing loose
soil (No-fine concrete replacement)
Hong Kong
Slope stabilisation
methods
Landslide prevention
Bio- Engineering
Use tree root or plant root to
prevent shallow slope failure Hong Kong
Sub-surface Drainage
Reduction of pore water pressure of slope
Stone Columns
Increase average shear resistance of soil along potential slip
surface by using compacted stone
Soil Nail
What is SOIL NAIL ? Steel bar
Centraliser
Soil nail
- Non-prestressed
- Faster construction time
- Maintenance on soil nail is not necessary
Soil Anchor
- Prestressed tendon
- Longer construction time
-Maintenance is necessary
(Avoid loss of prestress in tendons)
Advantages of Soil nail
- Economy
- Fast construction
Hong Kong
- Light construction equipment
- Flexibility
1. Drilling
3. Grouting
Bleeding Test
Method of analysis
- Ordinary / Swedish Method
- Bishop Method
- Janbu’s Method
- Morgenstern-price’s Method
- Other methods
SLOPE/W slope analysis software
- Developed by GEO-SLOPE International Ltd.
- Assessing the realistic FOS
Soil nail design procedure
Background
• Next to the sport centre , high risk (Consequence-to-life)
Location:
Hong Kong
( Shek Kip Mei Sport Centre )
Case Study ( Hong Kong )
Use bore hole log records to estimate the soil layering
Silty Sand
Silty Sand
Bedrock
Case Study ( Hong Kong )
Use Morgenstern-Price’s
Method
Slip No FOS
1 1.112
0.986
2
(minimum)
3 1.157
4 1.367
5 1.572
Case Study ( Hong Kong )
Use Trial and error method to determine the preliminary soil nail parameter
Inclination Design
Nail Length Bond Nail
Row Angle resisting
(m) Length (m) Spacing (m)
(degree) force KN
A 12 3.3 15 2 55
B 12 3.8 15 2 50
C 8 4.3 15 2 20
D 8 4.2 15 2 15
E 8 5.7 15 2 8
Case Study ( Hong Kong )
Force Max.
Bar Horizo Free Bond Force Require Allowable Tmax > Tr
Bar d Force
Row Level Size (d) ntal length length per m
Length
No. (mPD) Spacing La Le Width
(m)
(mm) (m) (m) (m) F (kN) Tr (kN) Tmax (kN)
Row E 58.8 8.0 25 2.0 4.70 3.30 8.00 16.00 205.26 O.K.
Row D 56.8 8.0 25 2.0 4.20 3.80 15.00 30.00 236.36 O.K.
Row C 54.8 8.0 25 2.0 3.70 4.30 20.00 40.00 267.46 O.K.
Row B 52.8 12.0 32 2.0 3.80 8.20 50.00 100.00 680.06 O.K.
Row A 50.8 12.0 32 2.0 2.30 9.70 55.00 110.00 804.46 O.K.
Case Study ( Hong Kong )
Maximum allowable force between soil & grout ( Final Checking )
Effective Force
Vertical Stress Mobilised
Force
Tf (kN)= Total Force F.O.S.
Require F.O.S.
Row No. Mobilised >2
sv (kPa) ( 1.571 + d
0.140 s’v ) x
Le
CDG CDG Tf (kN) Tr (kN) Tf / Tr
Horizont Force
Free Bond Force
Level Bar Bar Size al
length length per m Require
Row No. Length (d) Spacing d
La Le Width F
(mPD) (m) (mm)
(m) (m) (kN) Tr (kN)
(m)
Row E 58.80 8.0 25 2 4.70 3.30 8.00 16.00
Row D 56.80 8.0 25 2 4.20 3.80 15.00 30.00
Row C 54.80 8.0 25 2 3.70 4.30 20.00 40.00
Row B 52.80 12.0 32 2 3.80 8.20 50.00 100.00
Row A 50.80 12.0 32 2 2.30 9.70 55.00 110.00
Case Study ( Hong Kong )
After soil nail installed , the slope stability FOS value has been increased
Slip No FOS
1 -
2 1.534
1.529
3
(Minimum)
4 1.671
5 1.835
Conclusion
- From the Case Study , the slope stability has been
significantly improved by Soil nailing