Low Carbon Footprint An Initiative By Pharma Industry

Presented by

Roopdeep Banerjee

An
Introduction To Carbon Footprint

Carbon Footprint
Best estimate of full climate change impact of something Carbon Usually talking about CO2e (CO2-eq) not actually just carbon Footprint Total impact

What Is Carbon Footprint?

A carbon footprint is the total set of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions caused by an organization, event or product . For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted.

Earth is becoming unbearably hot! Its melting!

From Where Does The Word Originate?

The concept name of the carbon footprint originates from ecological footprint discussion. The carbon footprint is a subset of the ecological footprint and of the more comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA).

Major causes!!!!!
Carbon Footprint which leads to Global Warming is caused by many things. The causes are split up into two groups, manmade and natural causes.

Natural Causes!!!!!
Natural causes are causes created by nature. One natural cause is a release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas. A greenhouse gas is a gas that traps heat in the earth's atmosphere. Another natural cause is that the earth goes through a cycle of climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 40,000 years.

Man-Made Causes!!!!!
Pollution is one of the biggest man-made problems. Burning fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels made of organic matter such as coal, or oil. When fossil fuels are burned they give off a green house gas called CO2. Also mining coal and oil allows methane to escape. Methane is naturally in the ground. When coal or oil is mined you have to dig up the earth a little. When you dig up the fossil fuels you dig up the methane as well.

Another major man-made cause of Carbon Footprint is population. More people means more food, and more methods of transportation. That means more methane because there will be more burning of fossil fuels, and more agriculture.

Since CO2 contributes to global warming, the increase in population makes the problem worse because we breathe out CO2. Also, the trees that convert our CO2 to oxygen are being demolished because They're using the land that we cut the trees down from as property for our homes and buildings. We are not replacing the trees.

Consequences
Sea level rise - densely settled coastal plains would become uninhabitable with just a small rise in sea level, which would result from melting of the ice caps. Impacts on agriculture - Global warming could have major effects on agricultural productivity.

Consequences
Reduction of the ozone layer - Warming would result in increase high cloud cover in winter, giving chemical reactions a platform in the atmosphere, which could result in depletion of the ozone layer. Increased extreme weather - A warmer climate could change the weather systems of the earth, meaning there would be more droughts and floods, and more frequent and stronger storms.

Consequences

Consequences
Spread of diseases - Diseases would be able to spread to areas which were previously too cold for them to survive in. Ecosystem change - As with the diseases, the range of plants and animals would change, with the net effect of most organisms moving towards the North and South Poles.

The Carbon Cycle

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the Biosphere, Pedosphere, Geosphere, Hydrosphere and the atmosphere of the Earth. It is one of the most important cycles of the earth and allows for carbon to be recycled and reused throughout the biosphere and all of its organisms.

Why Does The Exchange Occur?

The annual movements of carbon, the carbon exchanges between reservoirs, occur because of various chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes. The ocean contains the largest active pool of carbon near the surface of the Earth, but the Deep Ocean part of this pool does not rapidly exchange with the atmosphere in the absence of an external influence, such as a Black Smoker or an uncontrolled deep-water oil well leak.

What Is The Budget?

The global carbon budget is the balance of the exchanges (incomes and losses) of carbon between the carbon reservoirs or between one specific loop (e.g., atmosphere biosphere) of the carbon cycle. An examination of the carbon budget of a pool or reservoir can provide information about whether the pool or reservoir is functioning as a source or sink for carbon dioxide.

Carbon Footprint Of Items

A pint of beer Cycling a mile Manufacturing a car A web search Walking through the door A banana Spending 1$ Road trip (NY to Niagara falls) 10 lbs of trash

Leaving the lights on Having a child A forest fire A Burger A bottle of water 2.5 acres of deforestation Using a cell phone A computer International flight (LABarcelona)

Did You Know???

About 50-60 million trees, covering 1,500-2,000 sq. km of forest land, are cut every year to burn the dead in India Simply turning off your television, DVD player, Stereo, Computer when youre not using them will stop the release of thousand of pounds of carbon dioxide a year Between 1961 and 1997, the Worlds glaciers lost 890 cubic miles of ice Without water vapors effect on the atmosphere, the earth would be at below freezing temperatures.

 If the temperature of our Earth rises, almost 7 million people in India have to move their homes, because the sea will rise and cover some parts of Chennai and Mumbai.

Making cans from recycled aluminums uses 90% less energy than making cans from scratch. They can watch T.V for more 3 hours from the energy saved from recycling one can.
The glacial lake in southern Chile was sighted in March, but two months later it had completely disappeared! The culprit: GLOBAL WARMING .

 Louisiana, a state in USA about the size of Orissa, is losing an acre of its land, to the rising sea levels, every 24 minutes . As rising ocean temperatures are killing off their food supply, more number of whales are being washed up on beaches after starving to death. A big enough volcano eruption could cool the earth for one or two years because sulfuric acid from the explosion would combine with water vapor to form a shield that would reflect some sunlight away from earth. Such an eruption would be quite catastrophic, though.

Warmer temperatures are killing the eucalyptus trees, which are the main food source for the koalas. It is feared that because of this koalas could become extinct in the next few decades!

Global warming means bad news for baseball lovers! Ash tree from which all baseball bats are made, is in the danger of disappearing because of warmer temperatures

 Water bottles create 1.5 million tons of plastic waste per year. That plastic requires up to 47 million gallons (178 million liters) of oil per year to produce.
If every us household would replace one regular light bulb with a cfl, we could reduce our global warming pollution by 90 billion pounds (40 billion kilos) over the bulb's life; that's the same going green effect as taking 6.3 million cars off the road.

Bottled water is no healthier than tap water, costs much more money to produce, and contributes to 1.5 million tons of plastic waste per year!

The pulp and paper industry is the third largest consumer of energy and uses more water to produce a ton of product than any other industry.

If every American skips one meal of meat per week and chooses vegetarian foods instead, the greenhouse gases savings would be the same as taking half a million cars off US roads .
Eating a vegan diet without any animal ingredients is the most efficient going green method: it prevents the equivalent of 1.5 tons CO2 emissions every year - more than the 1 ton CO2 emissions prevented by switching to a hybrid car. Eating a vegan diet without any animal ingredients is the most efficient going green method: it prevents the equivalent of 1.5 tons CO2 emissions every year - more than the 1 ton CO2 emissions prevented by switching to a hybrid car.

How Is India Contributing To Reduce The Carbon Footprint?

The first and the foremost measure is the implication of use of CNG in government buses. Others are afforestation, reforestation and establishment of sanctuaries and national parks in isolated areas. Moreover certain green belts have been declared by the centre like the Taj Mahal trapezium.

First 5 Countries By Their Co2 Emissions

Rank Country Annual CO2emissions (in thousands of metric tons) Percentage of global total

WORLD 1 CHINA UNITED STATES INDIA RUSSIA JAPAN

29,321,302 6,538,367.00

100% 22.30%

2
3 4 5

5,838,381.00
1,612,362.00 1,537,357.00 1,254,543.00

19.91%
5.50% 5.24% 4.28%

Complaints

I AM SUFFERING FROM ASTHMA BECAUSE OF THE CO2 EMISSIONS. I REQUEST YOU TO REDUCE YOUR CARBON FOOTPRINT. HELP ME YAAR. I AM DYING.

DONT WORRY BACHCHON. YOUR MOTHER, I AM THERE. I WILL SAVE YOU.

Is that goanna happen?

Personal conversation!
Penguin1: IM FEELING KIND OF WARM Penguin2 : ITS THE HUMAN EFFECT!! THEY OUGHT TO WAND THEIR WAYS BEFORE THEYRE HOMELESS

Egypt : I WILL SOON LOSE MY BEAUTY IF GLOBAL WARMING KEEPS UP AT THIS PACE.
Lend me a sweater anyone. Hhhhhrr . Its too cold out here, please.

Polar bears: THEY LIVE IN THE AGE OF INFORMATION AND POLLUTION, AND YOU STILL THINK PRODUCING ENORMOUS WASTE BY SPREADING A5 PIECE OF PAPERS THAT NO ONE WILL READ IS THE BEST WAY TO ADVERTISE YOUR PRODUCT/EVENT/ WHATEVER?

What a father !!!

Sand in Antarctica !!!

BELIEVE THIS OR NOT

BUT THIS IS TRUE

RISE IN SEA LEVEL

Carbon Footprint Ranking

1)

2) 3)
4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Forest fire 100 million tons CO2e Having a child 700 tons CO2e 2.5 Acres deforestation 500 tons CO2e A new car 17 tons CO2e Flight (LA to Spain) 4.6 tons CO2e A new computer 720 kg CO2e Road trip: SF to LA 500 Kg CO2e Light on for a year 400 kg CO2e $100 on groceries 62 kg CO2e

10) Moderate cell phone use (year) 47 kg CO2e 11) 10 lbs of trash 3.1 kg CO2e 12) Beef cheeseburger 2.5 kg CO2e 13) A pint of beer 500g CO2e 14) Bottle of water 200g CO2e 15) Cycling a mile 100g CO2e 16) Banana 80g CO2e 17) Walking through a door 10g CO2e 18) A web search 2g CO2e

What Can We Do To Reduce Our Carbon Footprint?

Take shorter hot water showers. Heating water uses energy.
An air conditioner(2.5 tones) used for an hour generates 3 kg of CO2. If They go without air conditioning for an hour a day, the release of 3 x 365 =1095 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere per year, can be prevented.

When you use geyser for an hour generates 3.3 kg of CO2. if you cut down the use of the geyser by just one hour a day, you can stop the release of 3.3 x 365 = 1204.5 kg of CO2 in the atmosphere annually. The estimated population of India on March 2008 was 1.13 billion. If each person plants one tree in a lifetime, They can eliminate 1.13 billion tones of CO2 from the atmosphere. One tree absorbs one ton of CO2 during its lifetime.

Compact fluorescent lamps or CFLs use oneninth the electricity used by regular bulbs. If every family in India replaces regular light bulbs with CFLs, 10,000 MW (unit of power equal to 1 million watts of power could be saved. Energy used for our daily needs of electricity comes from burning fossil fuels. Using less power means lower emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

A microwave oven used for an hour generates 1.3 kg of CO2. If you eat food without using your microwave to heat it, just for one hour a week you can stop the release of 1.3 x 52 = 67.6 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere per year.

A dripping tap wastes 13 liters of water in a single day. Therefore, the wastage of in a year = 13 x 365 = 4745 liters of water. On an average, a person who lets the tap run while brushing wastes about 7 liters of water. If 1.13 billion Indians change this habit, They could save 1.13 billion x 7 liters = 7.91 billion liters of water in just a day.

1 liter of petrol (octane) produces about 1 kg of water vapor and 2.17 kg of CO2. Walking, carpooling or using public transport, will save at least 2 liters of petrol a week. This will stop the release of 2.17 x 2 x 52 = 225.68 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere annually.

The Initiative Taken By

Pharma Industry

Direct vs. Indirect Emissions

Direct emissions of an item Manufacturing process Transportation of item to retailer

Indirect emissions Everything else Example: offices in the factory use paper clips made of steel that were mined and have their own carbon footprint

A survey conducted by Business Today and Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI) focused on two aspects: Environmental Reactivity and Identification of the greenest companies, in terms of their maturity of their environmental systems and practices.

The Findings Of The Survey Are As Follows:

Transparency and information sharing in Indian Corporates on sensitive issues like the environment are not up to the desired levels. The response was 10.62%. 60% of Corporates had received ISO certification for their environmental management system. But out of which 24% of Corporates had certification process in progress. Environment statement (form V audit) and comprehensive audit was popular. This percentage is at the minimal level of 55%.

About 61% of the Corporates had a separate department to look after the environment protection activities. But in the some companies, the R&D department and the safety department looked after these activities. 77% of the Corporates had environmental policy at the corporate level, but only 20% of the Corporates felt the need to have policies both at the corporate and facility (plant) level.

The survey also revealed that sectors like chemical and pharmaceuticals and mining and minerals had a greater maturity of environmental management system with separate departments and environmental policies better suited to their lines of activity. The reason being higher impact on environment and stricter wastage treatment and disposable guidelines. In the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, green policies were generally implemented at the plant level whereas in the minerals and mining industry, green policies were implemented at both the plant and corporate level.

Indias Greenest Companies

Company
ABBs Vodadara Plant
Bayer (India) Clarian (India) Coromandel Fertilizers Gujarat Ambuja Cements ICI India Indian Aluminum Company

Rank
1
2 3 4 5 6 7

Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceutics

Philips India Tata Iron and Steel

8
9 10

Social Responsibility
Solutions for traceability of drugs helps fighting against counterfeiting and supports patient safety Health for everyone throughout the globe logistically and economically The pharmaceutical industry is doing research of new diseases and their control Drinking water is a precious commodity and indispensable for good health

Air contamination has a negative effect on peoples health. The industry contributes towards a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions

Economic Responsibility
Going green pays off In fiscal 2008, products and solutions from the pharma industry reduced customers CO2 emissions by approx. 34 million tons With the savings achieved by products and solutions installed in previous years, emissions were reduced by a total of roughly 148 million metric tons

Responsible Care
Responsible Care is the chemical industrys global voluntary initiative to continuously improve their health, safety and environmental performance. Responsible Care is a uniquely designed initiative that enables the global chemical industry to make a strong contribution to sustainable development. Through improved performance, expanded economic opportunities, and the development of innovative technologies and other solutions to societal problems, the industry will continue taking practical steps to implement initiatives in support of sustainable development.

Responsible Care

Health & safety

Environment protection

Use of resources

Emission Air

Waste

Emission Water

Consumption Energy

Consumption Water

Energy Waste Water Emission

Energy

Waste

Water

Emission

Energy Use In The Pharmaceutical Industry

Distribution of energy use in the Pharmaceutical Industry energy consumption

25%

Plug loads & processes

10%

Lighting

65%

HVAC

Market Challenges ( Waste )

US pharmaceutical industry is wasting more than 50 b$ p.a. due to inefficient processes Approximately 200kg solid waste is generated per metric ton of API manufacturing Process inefficiency is institutionalized 5-10% waste is planned
Sigma
Pharma

PPM Defects 308.537 66.807 6.210

Yield 69,2% 93,3% 99,4 %

Cost of quality 25-35% 20-25% 12-18%

2 3 4

5 6

233 3

99,98 % 99,99%

4-8% 1-3%

Market Challenges ( Water )

Water is the oil of the 21st century Andrew Liveris, CEO of Dow Chemicals The global water consumption is doubling every 20 years water, unlike oil, has no substitute 40% of Fortune 1000 companies said the impact of a water shortage on their business would be severe or catastrophic but only 17% said they were prepared for such a crisis Most wastewater must be reused as fresh water in future

Water Consumption In Pharma

Per 21CFR part 210: Pharma waters used in manufacturing of drugs or drug products are subject to the regulations of the cGMPs whether or not the product stays in the final product (e.g. cleaning, rinsing formulation etc.) Water is the largest ingredient in almost every drug produced.
5%
10%
Bulk Manufacturing Fill Finish R&D Miscellaneous (boilers, chillers etc.)

10%
60%

15%

Facility

Market Challenges ( Emission )

"They now have data showing that from 2000 to 2007, greenhouse gas emissions increased far more rapidly than They expected, primarily because developing countries, like China and India, saw a huge surge in electric power generation, almost all of it based on coal" Christopher Field, Stanford University and the Carnegie Institution for Science

Global Emissions Worldwide Challenge

Greenhouse gas emission per capita in 2000

Countries by carbon dioxide emissions via the burning of fossil fuels (blue the highest)

Lowering The Carbon Footprint Initiative Taken By Cadila Pharma

Cadilas Carbon Footprint

Like most companies, Cadila emits carbon directly from their manufacturing, warehousing and office activities and through the vehicle fleets. They also contribute indirect carbon emissions throughout their value chain through their sourcing and distribution as Theyll as consumers and health care professionals use and disposal of the products. They are committed to further reducing carbon emissions in every aspect of their business.

They have been measuring and managing their direct emissions for many years, especially with respect to their three greatest sources of impact our manufacturing fuel combustion, their electricity use and their global sales fleet. Cadila has a comprehensive environmental management program aimed at reducing their emissions from each of these sources. They work across their value chain to reduce their carbon emissions, and they encourage their suppliers, distributors and other stakeholders to reduce their impact as well.

Cadila's Commitment Achieved

Over the assessment period, Cadila reduced its carbon footprint by over 84,000 tonnes of CO2 equivalent and saved 3.8 million in energy costs. In 2005, Cadila reduced its on-site emissions of GHGs by 5%. They worked across their value chain to reduce their carbon emissions, and they encouraged their suppliers, distributors and other stakeholders to reduce their impact as Theyll.

Cadila's Climate Responsible Policies

Negotiate competitive energy contracts Implement financial hedges to reduce volatility Perform energy audits to identify new opportunities Transfer best-in-class energy practices Communicate energy knowledge Identify and implement financially responsible energy capital projects

Cadila's Climate Responsible Policies

Auditing procedures and energy standards for their buildings and equipment. Buying more energy efficient capital understanding that there will be a payback period associated with it. They installed recycling bins placed on every floor, motion sensor triggered lights in restrooms and break areas and water bottle filling stations.

Cadila's Climate Responsible Policies

Cadila has also installed energy efficient lighting at sites and implemented a canal water cooling system for its IT data centres at its headquarters. They focus on sustainable packaging initiatives and preventing substances from entering the environment.

Cadila's Climate Responsible Policies

They strive to conserve water in all of their operations. They work to prevent, reduce and recycle waste before treatment, incineration or disposal. They aim to minimize emissions into air and water. While the healthcare industry is not an energyintensive sector, They work to ensure they operate efficiently and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Cadila Sets Goals for Carbon, Water, Waste, Renewable

Cadila is targeting a 20 percent cut in facility CO2 emissions by 2020. A 10 percent cut in water use by 2015. Cadila will reduce its emissions of 15%. The measures are the first stage of the companys plans to reduce its carbon footprint by 10% by 2015 and 25% by 2020, before becoming carbon neutral by 2050.

Conclusion
Companies are becoming more environment conscious and are adopting green policies. Environmental friendly technology encourages the development and use of technology that will reduce waste and pollution. These are just first steps in the fight against environment pollution. Will India succeed in the fight against environment pollution?

Only time will tell