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Contents
Importance of Project Quality Management Project Quality Management Processes
Quality planning, Quality assurance, Quality control
Quality Model: Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award (MBNQA), CMM and ISO 9000 Software test
Methods to improve IT Project Quality leadership cost of quality organizational and workplace factors maturity models
Compare to Jurans quality trilogy: Quality plan, Control control and Quality improvement
Noteworthy quality experts include Deming, Juran, Crosby, Ishikawa, Taguchi, and Feigenbaum
Quality Experts
Deming was famous for his work in rebuilding Japan and his 14 points Juran wrote the Quality Control Handbook and 10 steps to quality improvement Crosby wrote Quality is Free and suggested that organizations strive for zero defects Ishikawa developed the concept of quality circles and using fishbone diagrams Taguchi developed methods for optimizing the process of engineering experimentation Feigenbaum developed the concept of total quality control
Quality Planning
11th of 21 of planning phase process It is important to design in quality and communicate important factors that directly contribute to meeting the customers requirements
know what customer want is the key in quality but it is quite difficult to get this information Design of experiments helps identify which variable have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process
Many scope aspects of IT projects affect quality like functionality, features, system outputs, performance, reliability, and maintainability
Scope statement
provides a documented basis for making future project decisions and for confirming or developing common understanding of project scope among stakeholders. The scope statement describes major product deliverables and objectives that define the project.
Benchmarking
compares actual or planned project practices to other projects to generate ideas for improvement and to provide a standard against which to measure performance.
Flow-charting
involves creating any diagram detailing how elements of a system relate to one another. Flow-charting techniques commonly used in quality management includes: a) cause-and-effect diagrams; b) process flow charts.
Cost of quality
The financial cost incurred to ensure quality. These are associated preventing, detecting, and correcting defects. Cost of quality includes (known as PAF cost)
preventive costs appraisal costs failure costs (internal and external)
Operational definitions
Also called metrics. They describe the specifics of what something is (such as work procedure or operation) and how the Quality Control process measures it. For example, convert a general objective of increase success rate to increase success rate by 15% in 2 months to make it specific.
Checklists
verify required steps have been performed or followed.
Quality Assurance
2nd of 7 of executing phase process Quality assurance includes all the activities related to satisfying the relevant quality standards for a project Another goal of quality assurance is continuous quality improvement
Benchmarking can be used to generate ideas for quality improvements Quality audits help identify lessons learned that can improve performance on current or future projects
Quality audits
A structured review of other QM activities to identify the lessons learned that can improve the performance of this project and other projects in the organization. Such audits are an independent review of quality management activities to a performance standard.
Quality Control
6th of 8 controlling phase process determine the correctiveness of the work results
involves monitoring specific project results to determine if they comply with relevant quality standards identify ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory performance
Operational definitions
describe an element and how the element is measured by the Quality Control process.
Checklists
used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed.
Control charts
graphically display the results of a process. It helps to verify the process is statistically in control
Pareto diagrams
histograms, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that show how many results were generated by type or category of identified cause. The ranking of categories can be used to guide corrective action.
Flow-charting
A graphical method of analysis that helps determine how and where quality problems occur. It can help to develop approaches to resolving the problems.
Trend analysis
use mathematical techniques to forecast future outcomes based on historical results. technical performance can be monitor to determine how many defects or errors have identified and corrected, it is also possible to monitor cost & schedule performance.
Acceptance decisions
the results of inspecting items delivered.
Completed checklists
These documents are part of the project.
Process adjustments
Immediate corrective or preventive action as a result of Quality Control measurements.
Testing in software
Many IT professionals think of testing as a stage that comes near the end of IT product development Testing should be done during almost every phase of the IT product development life cycle
Types of Tests
A unit test is done to test each individual component (often a program) to ensure it is as defect free as possible Integration testing occurs between unit and system testing to test functionally grouped components System testing tests the entire system as one entity User acceptance testing is an independent test performed by the end user prior to accepting the delivered system
Maturity Models
Maturity models are frameworks for helping organization improve their processes and systems
Software Quality Function Deployment Model focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects The Software Engineering Institutes Capability Maturity Model provides a generic path to process improvement for software development Several groups are working on project management maturity models
Summary
Importance of Project Quality Management Project Quality Management Processes
Quality planning, Quality assurance, Quality control Compare to Jurans quality trilogy: Quality plan, Control control and Quality improvement
Quality Model: Malcolm Baldrige Award, CMM and ISO 9000 Quality Planning: identify customers requirements and define critical success factors Quality Assurance: continuous quality improvement, Benchmarking and Quality audits
Summary (2)
Quality control: tools and techniques => Pareto analysis, statistical sampling, quality control charts and testing Software test is very key factors:
unit test, Integration testing, System testing, User acceptance testing ways to improve IT Project Quality leadership cost of quality organizational and workplace factors maturity models