INDIAN MANAGEMENT THOUGHTS AND PRACTICES

SYLLABUS
1. Indian Ethos-Multiplicity and Variety-Yet has commonness.
Focus on the Ultimate Principles or Intelligence to Whom man seeks recourse Personality Development through Yoga- the paths/margs; Bhakti, Karma, and Gyan. The three Gunas- Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. Individual- A being with infinite capabilities and potential is a result of his own action. Koshas The concept of Man. Meditation- The technique for Development of Self. Leadership- Qualities of a Leader with special referance to Indian Thoughts.

2. Personality

3. Society and Social Groups

Society Combination of individuals of Diversity ; values that reflect social practices and customs impact on individuals and collective behaviour ; Use coercion to enforce compliance for societal values. Festivals Significance of Festivals and harmony with nature Learning Indian Concept of Learning Gurukul System of Learning

4. 5.

Spirituality Core Teachings of all founders of religion Spirituality v/s Religion Concept of Maya (Illusion) Meaning, Scope and Implications at Work 6. Concept of Dharma Varna Ashram Dharma and Swadharma 7. Concept of Karma Meaning and Importance to Managers and Corporates 8. Concept of Vasudev Kutumbakam

Indian Ethos - Introduction and Overview

Various Customs and Traditions Habits Individual Characteristics Definition According to the Websters Dictionary, Ethos is The Characteristics Spirit of Culture, Era or Community; and individuals

Ethos are: a. Part of the community b. Related to the behaviour that is normal, spontaneous and unplanned c. It is something which if imbibed in the work place, will make it stress-free and more productive d. They are based on customs and traditions e. They are neither right nor wrong

Common Ethos in India 1. Guests are welcome (Athiti Devo Bhava) 2. Elders, parents and teachers are respected. 3. Alms are offered to poor. 4. God fearing. 5. Marriage is considered to be a life-long relationPermanent 6. Children are well taken of until they are married; Joint Family System. Sarva Dharma Sambhavana Ethos are based on Vedas, Upanishads, etc.

Characteristics of Indian Ethos

1) Know one self - It implies to know that a man is a part of supreme Soul. He has all the divine qualities like integrity, honesty, patience, loyality, forgiveness, compassion, self-less service, love; but they are dormant. 2) Self realization Balanced Life- materialistic and spiritualistic.

Characteristics of a self-realised person

a. b. c. d. e. Self is constant delight Self is eternal perfection Self is entirely self-sufficient Self is universal love Self is importable and silent ( transferable from one format to other ) The person becomes a socio-centric from ego-centric

3-Self Management
If you cannot manage self, you cannot manage others
Body Mind I Intellect Profession SELF Family Soul

Peers and colleagues

Society / Nation

4-Holistic Approach 5-Team spirit 6- Service Attitude 7- Spirit of sacrifice 8- Chitta Shuddhi Purification of Mind. 9-Unity in Diversity 10- Tolerance 11-Peace Loving 12- Humanity

Glimpses of Various religions

Buddhism -Buddha was born around 550 BC -Seeing the sorrows and despair of human being,he left his home -He got enlightenment while sitting under a Bodhi tree Buddhist Philosophy -Governed by democratic principles -Preaches middle path between two extremesLife of self torture and life of luxurious living

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Buddhism teaches the following: Right Understanding Right aspiration Right conduct Right Vocation Right effort Right mindfulness Right concentration

Buddhism has laid down the following concepts: 1. Ahimsa 2. Refraining from taking what does not belong to you 3. Abstinence from excessive indulgence in sence pleasure 4. Refraining from falsehood and encouraging mutual trust and understanding 5. Abstinence from intoxitants

Buddha also stressed on the following: a)Universal love and friendliness b)Compassion c)Empathy and joy in giving happiness to others

JAINISM Mahavir was born around 540 BC and propagated Jainism Principles of Jainism are as follows: Ahimsa (Non-violence) Satyam (Truthfulness) Astiya (Non- stealing) Brahmacharya(Celibacy) Aparigraha( Non-covetousness) It teaches Universal Brotherhood -Ahimsa paramo dharam

Rules of conduct in Jainism are based on Daya (Mercy), which has the following forms: 1 To perform kind acts without expecting any reward. 2 To rejoice at the wellbeing of others 3 To sympathise with the sufferings of the distressed people. 4 To pity the criminals

Additionally, the five gateways of knowledge are as follows: 1. Mati- That comes from five sense organs. 2. Shruti-That comes from listening to learned 2. Avadhi- Recognition of the events of the past 3. Mana Paraya- Through what is in others mind 4. Keval Pure, transcending all knowledge and precedes attainment of Nirvana

Jains believe in Papa and Punya PAPA- Untruthfulness, Unchastity, Anger, Attachment, Hatred, Backbiting and Hypocracy.

PUNYA-Doing service with sincerety. Monks duties include the following: Forgiveness, humility, avoidance of intrigues and deceit in speech and action, simplicity, and austerity, celibacy and being faithful. The path of Nirvana is the attainment through right faith, right knowledge and right conduct, as indicated in the scriptures.

SIKHISM - Founded in 15th century by Guru Nanak Dev Ji

-It is the fifth largest organised religion in the world. -It is a system of religious philosophy known as GURUMAT (Counsel of Gurus) -Guru Granth Sahibji (Adi Granth) is the teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus. Its principles are as follows: 1. Faith in Wahe guru represented by the phrase IKONKAR meaning one God (monotheism). 2. Realisation of truth is higher than everything in the world. Higher still, is truthful living. 3. It emphasizes the principle of equality of all humans and rejects discrimmination of the basis of caste, creed and religion

4. It does not attach any importance to asceticism as a means of attaing salvation, but stresses on the need of leading a life as a householder. 5. It emphasizes that God is shapeless, timeless and sightless. 6. It believes in universality of God. 7. It states that God is omnipresent and is infinite. 8. It believes that God created the entire cosmos. 9. It stresses that God can be seen only from the inward eye or through the heart. 10. Devotees must meditate to progress to progress towards enlightenment and reaching the Supreme Soul The God.

ISLAM
Mohammed, the founder of Islam was born in 570 ad in Mecca and laid the foundation of ISLAM Submission to the will of God -It is the religion of self surrender and following the commands of God -Believes in the universal brotherhood of man - Except Allah there is no God. Some the teachings of Islam are as follows; 1. The true believer desires for others that he desires for himself. 2. Got will not be affectionate to those who are not affectionate to Gods creatures 3. He is amongst the most favourites of God from whom the greatest good comes to his creatures 4. Fed the hungry, visit the sick and free the captive if he is unjustifiedly sent to jail 5. Assist any oppressed person 6. Love thy fellow-beings first. 7. Abuse no one and despise not good

8. Speak to thy brothers of good acts and kindness 9. If a man reproaches you for what he knows in you, do not do the same for what you know of him. 10. He who masters himself when angry, is the strongest person. 11. Do not take up arms except in self-defense. 12. Religion of sacrifice 13. Strongly prohibits use of force for its observance. 14. Drinking, envy, flattery, greed , hypocrisy, lying, violence, wickedness are not appreciated These doctrines are well-scripted in Quran, The Sona, the Ijma, and the Qias.

The true Muslim believes in the following God and his angels Scriptures and the apostles Resurrection and the Day of Judgement Gods absolute decree
Other duties of Muslims are as follows a. Prayer (Namaaz) b. Giving alms c. Keep fasting of Ramazan d. Haj- Performance ( Pilgrimage to Mecca)

Bahai
Founded around 150 years ago, by Bahaullah. It teaches oneness of all human beings and all religions Basic teachings of Bahai faith are as follows 1. All humanity is one family 2. All men and women are equal 3. All divisive tendencies on the basis of race, religion, caste, economics etc are destructive and must be overcome. 4. We must investigate truth for ourselves with open mind without any pre-conception

Judaism
Religion of Jews It was started by Abraham who lived around 2200 BC in Palestine He brought Jews out of Egypt At mount Sinai, he preached the Ten Commandments which are golden principles to lead a righteous life. TEN COMMANDMENTS 1. I am the God, thy God, who has brought thee out of bondage. Thou shall not have any other God. 2. Six days though shall labor and do all thy work 3. Remember the Sabbath ( the seventh day ) and keep it holly. 4. What is hateful to thee, do not do it to thy followmen. 5. Though shall not steal

5. Science and religion are in harmony with each other 6. Our economic problems are linked with spiritual problems 7. The family and its unity are very important for eternal peace and happiness 8. There is only one God 9. All major religions have come from one God 10. World peace is the crying need of our time

6. Thou shall not covet thy neighbours wife nor commit adultery 7. Thou shall, at all time, show respect and reverence to your parents. 8. Thou shall not kill 9. Thou shall not bear false witness 10. Thou shall not take the name of thy Lord in vain

2-Focus on the Ultimate Principle or Intelligence to whom Man Seeks Recourse

You cannot know the meaning of life until you are connected to the power that created you In the modern world people are busy in acquiring more and more of material wealth, fame, power, etc. This results in constant chase, eluding peace and happiness. Man thus fails to recognise the true goal of life i. e., to seek Param Brahma. This alone gives peace and happiness.

 Human body-Body, Mind, Intellect and Soul which is linked to supreme Soul called GOD Body- chariot Five senses Horses Intellect Charioteer Mind Reins Soul-Person sitting inside the chariot Destination of SoulGOD But the ego does not allow individual to seek God E-EXIT, G-GOD, O-OUT

Spiritual intelligence
Spirit-That gives life or vitality to the system Intelligence-A very general mental capability which involves the ability to plan, reason, solve problems think, abstractly, Comprehand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience Spiritual Intelligence has been defined as the Intelligence with which to access our deepest purpose, meaning and highest motive.

Principles of Spiritual Intelligence

1. Self- awarenessWhat one believes in and value 2. SpontaneityLiving in the present moment and be responsive 3. Being visionary and vision-lid Acting from principles and deep beliefs and living accordingly 4. Holism Seeing larger patterns, in relationships and connections 5. Compassion Having faith and deep empathy 6. Humility 7. Tendency to ask fundamental questions 8. Celebration of diversity 9. Field Independence 10. Ability to reframe 11. Positive use of adversity 12. Sense of Vocation Giving back to the Society

Additionally, the components of Spiritual Intelligence are as follows: 1. Capacity to transcend the physical and material world. 2. Capacity to experience heightened state of consciousness. 3. Ability to sanctify everyday experience. 4. The ability to utilize spiritual resources to solve day to day problems. 5. Capacity to the be virtuous. 6. They develop a tender heart and remain in a joyful state. 7. Theyre all governed by emotions with pure mind.

8. Their behaviour is devoid of constant craving, fascination, attachment and malevolence. 9. They not only become self-restraint, polite, generous, endured with good character, ethical entrepreneurs, dutiful, benevolent, but also guide others to become like them. 10. Theyre full of devotion, prepared to enjoy sufferings and free from attachment . 11. Theyre charitable, have a clean reputation, full content and endowed with good qualities. 12. They understand the nature of the world as impermanent and joyless. They know that they can experience everlasting true bliss and looking within and seeking Supreme Soul. 13. They dedicate all their actions to the GOD.

Methods for attaining SPIRITUALITY 1. Burn out your EGO 2. Minimise your desires for sensual pleasures 3. Believe in the principles of TEA
T Trust in God - Trust yourself - Trust Others - Be Trustworthy E Minimise your Expectations(Desires) A Accept the situation as it is Accept the person as he is, and then Aspire Use Purushartha

3. Personality Development
Personality is a mixture of various physical, mental, cultural and other values. It reflects the mans character and personal traits. It makes life highly fruitful, contended and meaningful. Definition - Personality has been defined as the type of person one is and which is reflected by the way he feels things and behaves It is judged by the way a person looks, dresses, says and how he behaves. It can be judged by his views character, beliefs, attitude and knowledge.

Determinants of Personality
The determinants of personality are as follows: a) General Disposition which includes the following: i. Personal Intelligence ii. Aptitude iii. Ready Wit iv. Presence of Mind b) SPEECH c) General Behaviour which should neither below nor over the record level. NO Artificiality. It includes the way a person talks, stands, sits and performs small tasks such as nodding, smiling, waving, refusing, acknowledging.

d) Looks height, colour of eyes, skin, physical features, muscle build up etc. e) Social environment in which a person lives, also affects the personality. It includes child-upbringing, school/college-environment, friend-circle, officeenvironment.

INDIAN CONCEPT OF PERSONALITY

All the above elements determine external personality. These are to be harmonized with the inner personality, which includes the development of spiritual qualities so as to have peaceful life. According to the Indian Concept of Personality, a person must develop Satvic gunas.

CHARACTERSTICS OF A PERSON WITH DEV. PERSONALITY 1 They are cultured, civilised, courteous,refined and well mannered and are of pleasant personality 2 They remain in a peaceful state at all times through friendly behaviour with everyone. As a result they are equianimous and do not have any negativity 3 They have sajjan bhav- gentlemanliness 4 They are individuals with good moral character with integrity

5 They serve as role models 6 They keep their thoughts, speech and actions transparent at all times 7 They believe that their thoughts, speech and actions are to be diverted for the welfare of others 8 They can distinguish between good and bad 9 They have developed intellect-Power to easily distinguish between good and bad, true and false, virtues and vices. They are called intellectuals and judicious.

10. They have tender heart and are in a joyful state. 11. They are ethical. Ultimately, a person with developed personality sees the Self in all human beings and all being in self. In such a situation, the person is called enlightened soul.

Personality Development through Yoga

The prime objective of personality development is to make a person enlightened soul. Yoga helps in sub-serving this purpose Dr S. Radhakrishnan Yoga means union of a. Union of body and mind b. Union of mind and soul c. Union of soul with supreme soul Thereby leading to Purna Anand

1.

2. a. b. c. d. e. f.

Yoga comprises 8 parts Yama Rules to be followed while living in the society so as to have co-ordial relations. These rules are non-violence, truthfulness , non-stealing, Brahma Charya, contentment and non-hoarding. Thus they live in peace and happiness. Niyam Set of programs to develop ones personality which includes the following Purity of body and mind Austerity Contentment Penance Self-study Faith in God and surrender to God

3. Asanaas Psycho-somatic postures involving body and mind. 4. Pranayam - Prolonging, controlling and disciplining the breathing. It improves efficiency of liver, spleen and stomach. It increases the oxygen absorption capacity of the blood. It also nourishes the central nervous system. It also develops life force, ie energy centres ( Chakras) and Nadis. 5. Pratyahar Withdrawing mind from sense objects. In broad sense, it is moderation and control of diet, activities and rest. It is a gateway to spirituality. 6. Dharana Focused mind on one object or thought 7. Dhyana State when one is able to concentrate the mind on the chosen thought without any interruption. 8. Samadhi Ultimate stage of dhyana where one identifies oneself with the object of meditation.

Different paths of Yoga

Bhakti Yoga Path of devotion Man of heart
Gyana Yoga Path of knowledge Man of head Karma Yoga - Man of mixed psychological Karma with detachment

Qualities of Yogi
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. Positive views Humble nature Tolerant Forgiving Fights for injustice Looks at life in a detached manner Self-motivated Inspired Life-long learner

Benefits of Yoga
1. Makes the body flexible and healthy 2. Makes the mind calm and quiet 3. Develops divine qualities like - compassion, selfless service, helping others, love, non-violence etc 4. Remains undisturbed even during the turmoils in the life 5. Free from jealousy, anger, hatred, violence , greed etc 6. Efficient worker in the organisation 7. Socially acceptable person 8. Good leader , serving the followers and community

LEARNING
According to Stephen Robbins Learning is any relative permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience. Learning is related to behaviour modification through the process of Knowledge & information gathering & its application resulting in wisdom, better behaviour or productivity Learning is a continuous process It is related to experiencing and interpreting It results in change in behaviour more or less permanently Indian concept of learning teaches us nothing is permanent in this world. Life is a continuous process of learning from Birth to death

There are three types of learning

Classical learning/conditioning Apparent learning Observational/Social learning

1. Classical learning Involves forming association through learning. Basically an individual does not respond to a neutral stimulus unless he has some previous experience. Active/Actual stimulus gets the response. Learning takes place due to the appearance of neutral stimulus before actual stimulus.

2. Apparent Conditioning People behave in a particular manner to bring changes in the society. If the consequences are favourable, they repeat the behaviour & thus learning takes place. Good Food Punishment for Late Coming Calling Persons by name This way values can be developed 3. Social Conditioning Learning takes place by observing others behaviour. Parents, Teachers, leaders, Actors, Friends effect, & condition your behaviour.

Benefits of Learning 1. Helps to understand others. It can be helpful to change individuals behaviour in different life situation 2. Helps in building better relationships 3. Helps in bringing discipline in the organisation 4. Face competitions 5. Individuals grow 6. Manage others 7. Fulfill Social responsibility 8. Helps in Market Survey Remember learning could be bad or good. So remember learning should lead to the betterment of ourselves & others & lead to HAPPINESS

 In Indian system, Learning was to lead idividual to overall PEACE Overall PEACE Through Silent Meditation, know Thyself.
In Gurukul system, Students were leaving their homes and staying in Ashram with students from all walks of life learning equality of all. Bramhacharya learn and inculcate all the positive traits and qualities.
Abstinence from worldly pleasure and pleasure of senses. Be with nature Learn from elders and respect Respect of elders

Right to Perform and no control over result

Learning Organisation
Organisation that does something about addressing present & future needs through Structured learning opportunities. It evolves through environment experiences.

Five Disciplines of a Learning Organisation

These disciplines are practiced continuously and presence of each of them is critical to success.

1. Systems Thinking
Inter connections between various departments. Problem solving from Organisations viewpoint.

2. Personal Proficiency
It helps in clarifying and deepening the vision, focus & energy

3. Assumptions, Perceptions & Belief Develop right models, & beliefs for better effectiveness. 4. Shared Vision Every employee must have similar organisational goals & values. Leaders should demonstrate these in their day to day life 5. Team Learning Through creative & positive challenging tasks

LEADERSHIP
In earlier days, kings used to govern the state, and lead and guide his subjects. For them, people and nations interest was first Todays leaders should also behave in the same way Leadership is defined as an interpersonal influence exercised in a situation and directed through the communication process towards the attainment of specified goals It is an element that makes organisation a dynamic entity In the absence of leadership, there is a drift or stagnancy and subsequent decay

Azim Premji, Narayan Murthy, Bill Gates, Subroto Roy, Winston Churchill, G D Birla, M S Oberoi, Mahatma Gandhi are all living examples of leader Qualities 1. Visionary Macro Vision 2. Help their followers to set the goals and achieve them 3. High Mobility mental as well as phsyical 4. Maintain Harmonious relationship Conflict Management. High interpersonal skills 5. Service Attitude Service Orientation 6. They assume responsibilities 7. They inspire, motivate and lead the way ahead 8. Good Time Manager

9. H.R. skills 10. Concern for the welfare of others 11. God fearing, clear understanding of his goals 12. Man of Principle 13. Equinanimous
KARTA - Head of the Family Leader Head of the family-owned business Values, ethics , morals of karta become the base of business culture in the organisation Karta has unlimited liability All decisions are made by karta and others have to follow He rewards and punishes according to situation Centralised decision Benevolent and authoritative leader

Difference between Family Managed Business and MNC

Family Managed 1. Traditional outlook 2. Autocratic leadership 3. Centralised decision making 4. Training not important 5. No importance to social responsibility 6. Communication downward

MNC 1. Professional 2. People oriented, democratic 3. Participative

4. V. Imp. Factor, leading to higher productivity 5. Some regards to social responsibility 6. Both sides

7. Loyalty to owners 8. Rewards based on loyalty 9. Leaders have unlimited liability 10.Profit main motive 11.Long term relationships with employees

7. Loyalty to organisation 8. Performance based rewards 9. Limited

10.Profit through customer satisfaction 11.No such thing

Difference between Born & Made Leaders 1. Born leader - Who is having the leadership skills, abilities & authorities from his early childhood Vivekanand, Kings 2. Made Leader Persons who have been turned into a leader because of a situation Born leaders are few Anybody can be a leader provided he has a will. He can then acquire skills and qualities required Narayan Murthy, Bill Gates, M C Oberai are all made leaders. They became leaders to run organisations Sonia Gandhi, Indira Gandhi

Indian Style Of Leadership 1. Autocratic Leader plans, orders, gives direction and wants the follower to obey his order. He behaves like a dictator. Believes in Power Over People Believes in Theory X People need direction and does not believe in self motivation of employees 2. Democratic Involves the followers in decision making Liberal Has faith in employees Respected and supported Believes in US and WE Believes in Team Spirit Provides alternative solutions Large organisation, where many professionals work require such type of leadership

3.

Laissez Faire Style Leaders give complete independence to followers They neither motivate nor guide Believe in Management By Exception Leadership only when situation demands or employees ask 4. Functional/Intellectual Leaders are quite knowledgeable, experienced, professional & expert Subordinates respect leaders for their valuable advice and are ready to listen to them Fatherly Figure Mentors
Such style is suited for R & D orgn where employees are qualified and mature, and leader is an Expert

5. Bureaucratic Style Leader believes in rules and regulations Does not believe in any change Status Quo Has faith in Centralised decision making No innovation and Flexibility Mostly followed in Govt Depts, specially Banks No employee oriented 6. Situational Style Depending upon the market condition and followers mentally, a leader develops and adopts that style which is most suitable in a particular situation

There are various types of situational styles: i. Directive ii. Supportive iii. Participative iv. Achievement Oriented

Which type of leadership style to follow depends on two factors:

1. Characteristics of subordinates
a. Whether the subordinates are of external locus of control or internal External They require direction. They believe that success or failure depends on others or luck/chance Internal Self Motivated Masters of their fate Followers confidence level is high Supportive Style

2. Work Environment

Directive style Leaders ask the followers what needs to be done and how to do it. He does Planning, Organising, Directing, Controlling, Coordinating and Motivating in order to achieve goals. Supportive Style Leader is interested in creating and amicable, congenial atmosphere in the organisation. He is approachable & is concerned for the well-being of the followers.

Participative Style Takes the followers suggestions and involves them in decision making.
Achievement Oriented Leader sets challenging tasks for the followers. He motivates and inspires them.

Transformational Leadership
Leaders change the attitude of the employees in such a manner that for them organisational goals become more than their own goals. He motivates them, builds up team spirit, creates a positive synergy. Thus creates excellent organisation Changes the mindset Provides vision and a sense of mission. Arouses their selfesteem. Inspires them to perform far beyond their expectations Expresses his high expectations from his employees. Provides a complete picture of his vision and inspires them Encourages creativity and innovations Mentors uniqueness of each employee

Characteristics of Exceptional CEOs

I. Shri Narayan Murthy
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. Man of Action believes in accountability over delivery. Creating wealth and opportunity for others Fully Professional Understands the know-how of the business Worked in SRL Sense of Gratitude to employees and shareholders HR Oriented Believes more in software and human being Participatory decision making Empathetic Optimist and self confident Can do Attitude Integrity No false information to customers about product, services and company Authentic Maintains transparent relationship

xi. xii. xiii. xiv.

Man of clear conscience believes in AUM Achievement oriented Highly motivated Believes in employee development

Overall believes in Value-based Management II. Kumar Mangalam Birla

i. ii. iii. iv. v.
vi.

Believes in People Count Everyone is Important Effective Communication Develops Attitude & Soft Skills Values of Organisation and integrates them with the people Creates an Environment of Openness and Trust

Need of the hour leaders with high SQ IQ is related to logic and reasoning EQ produces empathy, compassion and ability to respond appropriately to pleasure and pain SQ is Ultimate and is related to your Value System & how you connect yourself with others and see that when you interact with others you make yourself and others happy. A person with high SQ can balance his personal and professional life Maintains harmonious and blissful life, never agitated, stressed or burnt out Provides Job Satisfaction, better interpersonal relations and happiness Leads to value based organisations How to develop SQ Introspect, find out your Strengths & Weaknesses & be a better person Feel in harmony with others. Respect others. Surrender to God

4-THREE GUNAS Determinants of Personality

Psychological human beings reveal three thought conditions:
1 SATTVA(Illuminating or Pure) Noble Desires -Satvik person performs his duties with with enthusiasm, determination, wisdom, love and a lot of energy. - He thinks about welfare of others - He lives a balanced life - -It is easy for him to seek Supreme Soul by prayer and meditation - He works without desires or fruits

 RAJAS GUNA(The kinetic force) - Motivation leading to activities, desires and restlessness - -They are passionate and believe in material wellbeing - They love power and enjoy sensual pleasures - They are ambitious and enjoy fruits for their actionsEgo-centric

 3 TAMAS -Their state of mind is in complete state of inertia laziness, lack of care or attention and headless-ness - No consistency in behaviour Obstinate, arrogant and totally egoistic PERSONALITY -Dominance , at any point of time,of any one of the three Gunas - To remain in Satvik state , one has to take the help of a Guru, do Yoga ,have Satsang and read religious scriptures

5-LAW OF KARMA
MAN HAS INFINITE POTENTIAL AND CAPACITIES , IS A RESULT OF HIS OWN ACTION AND THE LAW OF KARMA Man has infinite potential and capacities but they lie dormant -Life should be organised for the discovery of your potential

Law of karma
- Desires (Vasanas) prompt a person to act - Vasansas create mental agitation and discomfort, force him to act

- Law of karma helps an individual in understanding his infinite and to decide the right course of action - In Bhagwat Gita, Arjun was confused about his right action. Lord Krishna guided him to perform right action - To perform action without the desire for results - Karma stands for Action,Thoughts and Utterance

TYPES OF KARMA
a) Sanchit Karma-Sum total of the accumulated Karma of previous births b) Prarabdha Karma- Part of Sanchit Karma which are currently active. One should do good karma to exhaust Prarabdha Karma. They can be reversed by prayers and meditation. c) Agami Karma-Those karmas which will affect our future life activities d) Kriyaman Karma- Those karmas whose Experiences are being experienced right now or in the near future in the present life

LAW OF PURUSHARTHA YOU do not have any control over the circumstances and events of the life, but you have the capacity to choose your action Through ones action one can change ones destiny Thus Future lies in the hands of man hinself. However to become peaceful, actions should not only be driven for fulfilling the desires of gross body-food, clothing, shelter, fame and power, but also fulfill the subtle desires of mind, intellect, and soul, so as to be happy and peaceful. Law of Karma applies not only to individuals but also to a community, society and nation

BELIEFS OF KARMA THEORY

1 Whatever you do to others, will be done to you in this birth or in future 2 Whatever you do may attract persons around you that have same or similar karma 3 It applies to all human beings 4 Consequences of an action depend not on the outward appearances of the action, but on the quality of intentions at the base of mind This law is valid for your actions, words, thoughts and emotions.

How to achieve your Goals a) Concentrate on positive goals b) Body and mind should be filled with the goal c) Believe in GOD

6. KOSHAS
Ancient Sages discovered that human personality comprises the divine spark of life called aatma (soul) with 5 layers (Koshas) of matter enveloping it. These 5 five layers are called Sheaths 1.Food Anna Maya 2.Vital Air Pranayama Maya 3.Mental Mano maya 4.Intellectual Vigyana Maya 5.Bliss Anand Maya

1. The Food Sheath The Physical Body is known as Food Sheath. It is made from the food eaten by Father, Mother and the individual. It consists of the 5 senses eyes, ears, nose , tongue and skin. Five organs of action speech, hands, feet, genital organs and organs of evacuation. 2. Vital Air Sheath Also known as Pranik or energy sheath. It contains the energy channels (Nadis) and energy centres (Charkras). Amending ones breathing patternthrough Pranayama enhances the flow of energy in the right direction.

The 5 Pranas comprising this sheath are: I. Pranas the faculty of percetion. It controls the perceptions of the five-fold stimuli received from the five senses. II. Apana Faculty of excretion III. Samaana Faculty of Digestion IV. Vyaana Faculty of Circulation the power by which the digestive food is properly conveyed to the various limbs of the body by the blood stream. V. Uddana The Faculty of Thinking the capacity of self-education through practice of Yoga, weakening of these 5 faculties due to advances in age can be checked.

3. Mental Sheath Mind Regulates the Vital Air Sheath There are 5 characteristics of mind: I. Mind receives stimuli from 5 senses and communicates the response to the organs of Action. Mind gives integrated experience. II. It is a continuous flow of thoughts. III. It is also a seat of emotions and feelings. IV. The mind works in the known areas. V. It is always in the state of flux. If the thoughts can be streamlined or focused, the mind can give peace

4. The Intellectual Sheath The mind functions as a stimulus for this sheath, so as to enable an individual to understand and discern. Power of discrimination In terms of good of others. It is also the seat of Ego Intellectual Sheath works as follows: a) Intellect with the help of experience and knowledge, orders the body for action. b) It can work beyond known areas and can investigate, contemplate and comprehend new discoveries. c) Intellect can decide the flow of thoughts.

5. The Bliss Sheath It is the deep sleep state of consciousness. it is considered as blissful because whatever may be the condition while an individual is awake, in deep sleep state he experiences peace and bliss It controls the intellectual sheath.

Aatma is subtlest of all these sheaths, also known as GOD, BRAHMA, etc.

7- MEDITATION
Need for Meditation Mind is a flow of thought Always active with many thoughts To add to it is drunk by unending desires. Further it is in the grip of envy, jealousy, etc. YOU can visualise how difficult it is to be happy and peaceful, because mind controls the health.Therefore there is a need for a technique which can control or streamline the flow of thoughts.

MEDITATION
Meditation To ponder Meditari- Latin word meaning , to concentrate Dhyai- Sanskrit, to contemplate. Stylized mental technique repetitively practiced for the purpose of attaining a subjective experience described as restful, silent and of heightened alertness It is also called a blissful state In mindful meditation, a person sits comfortably in silence centering his attention on an object or a process and scans his thoughts It leads to Self- realization

Meditation Three Main Criteria: Use of Defined Technique Logical Relaxation A Self-induced state of mind Each religion believes in the practice of meditation. Various Stages of Meditation Dharana Direct our thoughts to an object. Thoughts may stray. Dhyana Continuous attention on one object Samadhi Ultimate in Meditation So engrossed in one thought that were one with God are unaware of the body and environment state of ultimate bliss one can remain in this state without consuming any energy.

Benefits of Meditation It calms down the mind: stress and tension are reduced. One gets untroubled and sound sleep. It improves the professional efficiency of the individual. Family life and all relations become more harmonious. It improves the overall health of a person. It makes a person useful to the society. Bad habits such as smoking, drinking, roving eyes, etc., drop out automatically. It enables a person to face the turmoil of life in a peaceful manner. Deep spiritual state can be enjoyed while living the normal life of a householder. Through inner awareness, one is able to guide oneself to attain ones Ultimate Potential, viz. to seek SUPREME SOUL.

9- Society
Societ Fellowship French Societs Companionship Latin Definition 1) Group of people related to each other through persistent relationship such as social status, role, social network, etc. 2)An organisation or an association of person engaged in a common purpose to achieve their needs and goals which they cannot fulfil alone. Thus society teaches team-work. 3) Organised voluntary association of people for religious, benevolence, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic or other purposes.

 A non-profit company can also be regarded as a society. It can be registered or non-registered. TYPES OF SOCIETIES 1-Tribal Society 2-Agrarian Society It refers to a form of society, primarily based on agriculture and handicrafts, rather than industrial production -This evolved two class of people; land owners and field workers - Led to establishment of economic institutions

Trade became more elaborate - Necessitated keeping of records of land, crops, taxes, etc. - - Several rules and regulations were framed by the Govt. - -Religion also evolved - -Art and culture developed 3 Industrial Society - Social system which focuses primarily on finished goods manufacturing with the help of machines - Labor evolved - They existed primarily in towns - Social life became impersonal

4. Post Industrial Society Importance of Knowledge, innovations and policy formulations there from. Service Industry became more important Supremacy of Professionals and Techincal Experts These people were involved in decision making in economic and political life. Different Types of Socities in India a) Professional Socities b) Charitable Socities c) Economic Co-op Socities d) Religious and Cultural Socieities.

Benefits Promotes Teamwork Teaches Co-operation Teaches to share and care Brings in synergy Sets norms of behaviours for peaceful living In economic societies, it reduces the cost of living. Provides physical and psychological protection. Balance between independence and interdependence.

Disadvantages Society sets norms and thus curbs individual freedom to grow. Society uses coercive methods for compliance of social norms. Coercion can be physical and mental, which is detrimental for the physical and mental health of a person. Society, sometimes curbs the creativity and innovation of the individual

Festivals of India and their sgnificance

According to a survey, Indians are the happiest people, inspite of people being poor, lack if job satisfaction, and poor economic condition of India. It is because of their faith in God and tolerance Indians easily bond themselves and mix easily. Indians believe that circumstances,people, relationships, etc., may change but right values system, and attitude enable a person to face them They have a positive attitude and are happy inspite of turmoils of daily life They need only an excuseto celebrate

Different KINDS OF FESTIVALS IN INDIA

1-National Festivals 2-Birthdays of great leaders 3- Festivals of seasons a) Basant Panchami b) Makar Sankranti c) Gudi Padwa

4. Indian Religious Festivals

a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. Basant Panchami Holi Naag Panchami Janmashtmi Ram Navmi Dussera Dipawali Durgashtmi Baisakhi Id Christmas and Easter

5. RELATIONSHIP FESTIVALS
a. Rakshabandhan b. Karwa Chauth

6. YOUTH FESTIVALS 7. CULTURAL FESTIVALS

Importance of festivals
1. They give an opportunity to people to have a break from their mundane routine life. 2. They bring people closer and enable them to forget their differences. 3. Some festivals like Holy and Payushan Parva teach people to forgive and forget, and start a new life. 4. They make family bonds stronger. 5. They revive religious sentiments among people and make them ethical and spiritual. 6. Some festivals teach restraints and control of physical senses. 7. They promote cultural values 8. The joyous moments of festivals give opportunities to people to relax and are good tools of stress management.