6 MONTHS INDUSTRIAL TRAINING

Project Presentation
On

Neeraj Ahuja 6270303042

BY: &

Sachin Chaudhary 6270303244

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Domain Management
Introduction

Active Directory
DNS Server DHCP Server

Technologies Used

Active Directory DNS Server DHCP Server Windows 7 as a Client

Project Goals
The purpose of this project is to enable organizations
faculty and employees to: Have accounts attributed to identity Provide single sign-on to both local and organizational computing environments Use authoritative sources of directory information Use desktop computers in more than one unit Share resources, including files, printers, calendars Increase the security of systems Simplify the management of local environments at organizations

Introduction to Active Directory

Active Directory Overview Understanding Active Directory Concepts

Active Directory Overview

Active Directory Objects Active Directory Components Logical Structures

Physical Structure

Active Directory Objects and Attributes

Active Directory Definitions

Resources stored in the directory, such as user data, printers, servers, databases, groups, computers, and security policies, are known as objects. An object is a distinct named set of attributes that represents a network resource. Attributes are characteristics of objects in the directory. Objects are organized in classes, which are logical groupings of objects.

Objects known as containers can contain other objects.

Attributes

Defined separately from classes Defined only once and can be used in multiple classes Store the information that describes the object

Active Directory Components

Logical Structure Domains Organizational units Trees Forests Physical Structure Domain controllers

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Logical Hierarchical Structure

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Logical Structure

Resources should be organized in a logical structure that mirrors the logical structure of the organization. Grouping resources logically enables users and administrators to find resources by name rather than by physical location. The networks physical structure is transparent to users.

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Use OUs to Handle Administrative Tasks

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Domain Tree

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Forest of Trees

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Understanding Active Directory Concepts

DNS Namespace Name Servers Naming Conventions

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DNS Namespace

Active Directory is primarily a namespace, a bounded area in which a name can be resolved. Name resolution is the process of translating a name into some object or information that the name represents. The Active Directory namespace is based on the DNS naming scheme. Private networks use DNS extensively to resolve computer names and to locate computers within their local networks and the Internet.

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Domain Namespace

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Components of the DNS Server

DNS Query DNS Server Cache DNS Zone DNS Resource Record

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DNS Query
DNS is a request for name resolution that is send to DNS server by the
client in a network.

A client can send query to a DNS server or DNS server can also send a DNS query to another DNS server.

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DNS Query Types

Recursive DNS Query
In this query DNS server did not take responsible to best answer to client. DNS server cant forward this query to next another DNS server.

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Iterative DNS Query

It is a query in which the client accept the best available answer from the DNS server. In case if the server dose not know the answer.

It may direct forward this query another DNS server. All Burdon
on local DNS server.

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DNS Server Cache
Is the temporary storage area in the DNS server that store the
most frequently or recently access records.

This cache is clear when DNS service is stopped.

DNS Zone
Zone is a part of DNS database that contain record of domain or multiple domain.

Zone also contain a list of host name to IP address mapping for

that domain.
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DHCP Server
Automatically assigned IP address method centralized. DHCP is a protocol that allocates ip address to computer on a
network.

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Working of DHCP Server

DHCP Scope DHCP Super Scope Exclusion ip range

DHCP Lease Time

IP reservation

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DHCP Scope
Scope having the range of ip address for provide dynamic
ip address to other computer. A group of ip address within a subnet is called as a scope.

DHCP Super Scope

A super scope can be used to combine two or more scope

each serving different different network.

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Exclusion IP Range
If you want to reserve some IP for any computer.

DHCP Lease Time

DHCP lease time is validity of IP address. By default
DHCP lease time 8 days minimum 1 day maximum 999 days, 23 Hours, 52 minute.With in 8 days after 50% of days client demand the new ip, some time server refuse the client request,
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After 87.5% of day it will retry. If server did not give the new ip address than
client receive APIPA address

Automatic Private IP Address

Exp:-IP Address Subnet Mask 169 . 254 . *. * 255. 255 . 0 . 0

IP Reservation We can reserve IP address with the help of MAC address for particular
computer.
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DHCP Lease Process

The DHCP lease process consists of a four packet conversations between the DHCP
Server and DHCP Client. We called DORA system to this conversation.

D-Discover. O-Offer. R-Request. A-Acknowledgment.

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The DHCP Lease Process

DHCP Client DHCP Servers
IP Lease1 Request

IP Lease Offer

IP Lease 3 Selection
IP Lease Acknowledgement

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DHCP Operation
Non-DHCP Client: static IP configuration DHCP Client: IP configuration from DHCP server

IP Address1

DHCP Client: IP configuration from DHCP server

IP Address2
DHCP Database IP Address1 IP Address2 IP Address3

DHCP Server
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Thankyou

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