What is Cyclodextrin(CD)?

Consists of glucose monomer

Formed into a ring of

glucose monomer called the oligosaccharide ring

 There are three common cyclodextrins

6, 7 or 8 glucose monomers (-, -, and -

cyclodextrin) -Parent CD

Production of CD
First described by A. Viliers and discovered by

Schrdinger by the use of the anaerobic bacteria Bacillus macerans

It requires blood

temperature to live
Spreads around quickly

 The bacteria is used to produce an enzyme called

CGTase, cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase

The starch is degraded by the CGTase

to form cyclodextrin by the enzymatic conversion

(Conversion of corn)

Structure of CD
bottomless bowl-shaped molecule hydrogen bonding forces between two glucose

monomers truncated cone (donut shaped)

 The hydroxyl groups are orientated to the cone

exterior allows the CD to be soluble in water

water-soluble (less hydrophilic) interior cavity support the transport of less water soluble

hydrophobic molecules

due to the skeletal carbons and ethereal

oxygen inclusion complexes

 Inclusion complex increases the solubility of the guest

molecule

Uses of CD
used in a variety of areas including: - pharmaceutical,

cosmetics, food industry

In Pharmaceutical: increase the solubility increases the drugs ability masks the taste - given to children easily

 In Food Industries:

increase the stability of guest molecules shields the molecule from external environmental factors i.e. decomposition

 In Cosmetics: CD is used in perfumes-long lasting slow release masks odder from the body-entrapping the odder molecules in the cavity

Recent and future Developments

Naringenin- the bitter taste, molecule in grapefruit

treat diabetes and hyper-metabolism reduce generation of bad cholesterol

 Due to CDs ability to remove cholesterol cyclodextrin to be used as a drug carrier to

treat Niemann-Pick C

Advantages
Safe in small dose, stable biocompatible Inexpensive Available in bulk Easily produced Long lasting slow release of molecules Increases solubility of other less soluble substances Still developing its full potential

Disadvantages
Toxic in high dose Irritation present Less research done due to economical reasons Separation is expensive Requires specific derivatives of CD for inclusion complexes

Judgement
widely used-they do not reach their full potential research expensive and slow

side effects known to the human body

many research is being done to develop the CD to the

required effect It is an all-round molecule-used to benefit the human society