F

3
= 110N
F
2
= 100N
F
1
= 150N
F
4
= 80N
15
0
30
0
20
0
Example 2.3
Four forces act at bolt A as shown. Determine the
resultant force.
1
110N
100N
150N
80N
105
0
R
1

R
2

R





R
1
2
= 110
2
+100
2
2(100)(110)kos105
0
R
1
= 166.71 N
sinu
100
=
sin105
R
1
u = 35.41
0
= u + (90
0
30
0
) = 95.41
0

R
2
2
= 150
2
+166.71
2
2(150)(166.71)kos95.41
0
R
1
= 234.54 N
sin
150
=
sin95.41
R
2
= 39.55
0
= u + 20
0
= 54.96
0
Polygon Method
2

+ve F
x

= 100kos15
o
+150kos30
o
80sin20
o
= 199.13N
| +ve F
y

= 80kos20
o
+150sin30
o
110 100sin15
o
= 14.29N
R
2
= F
x
( )
2
+ F
y
( )
2
R
2
= 199.13
2
+14.29
2
R = 199.6N
Direction of Resultant Force, R :
u = tan
1
F
y

F
x

|
\

|
.
|
|
=
14.29
199.13
|
\

|
.
|
u = 4.1
o
Resolution method:
3
Resolve the 600-N force into two components along
the u-axis and v-axis.
F
V
= 808.38N, F
U
= 919.25N
Example 2.4
60
0
40
0
u
v
600N
4

u = 180
o
60
o
40
o
= 80
o
600
sin40
o
=
F
u
sin80
o
=
F
v
sin60
o
F
u
=
600sin80
o
sin40
o
= 919.25N
F
v
=
600sin60
o
sin40
o
= 808.38N
Fu
Fv
600 N
60 40

5
F
1
F
2
30
0 u
O ring shown is acted upon by
two forces F
1
and F
2
. The
resultant force of the two forces
exerted on the O ring is to be
vertically downward. Find the
value of u and magnitude of F
1

and F
2
, for which the
magnitude of F
2
is minimum.
F
1
= 4330N, F
2
= 2500N, u = 60
0

Example 2.5
6
If force F
2
is minimum, line of action of force F
2
is
perpendicular to the force F
1


F
1
= 5000kos30
0
= 2500 3 N
F
2
= 5000sin30
0
= 2500 N
u = 60
0
u
30
0
F
1
F
2
Line of action F
2

perpendicular to
F
1

5000N
7

Direction of Resultant Force is vertically downward:
F
x

= 0
F
1
sin30
o
= F
2
sinu
F
1
= 2F
2
sinu ......(1)
+ +ve F
y

= 5000N
F
1
kos30
o
+ F
2
kosu = 5000 replace in equ.(1)
2F
2
sinukos30
o
+ F
2
kosu = 5000
F
2
=
5000
2sinukos30
o
+ kosu
......(2)
OR
8

dF
2
du
=
5000 2kosukos30
o
sinu
( )
2sinukos30
o
+ kosu
( )
2
for F
2
is minimum,
dF
2
du
= 0
2kosukos30
o
sinu = 0
tanu = 2kos30
o
u = 60
o
replace in equ.(2) F
2
= 2500N
replace in equ.(1) F
1
= 4330N
9
Example 2.6
A barge is pulled by two tugboats. If resultant of the forces
exerted by the tugboats is a 5000-N force directed along the
axis of the barge, determine:
i. The tension in each of the ropes, knowing that = 45
0

ii. The value of such that the tension in rope 2 is minimum


1
2
30
0

C
10
5000 Ib
30
o
45
o
T
1
T
2
u

u = 180
o
30
o
45
o
= 105
o
5000
sin105
o
=
T
1
sin45
o
=
T
2
sin30
o
T
1
=
5000sin45
o
sin105
o
= 3660.25 N
T
2
=
5000sin30
o
sin105
o
= 2588.19 N
11
ii). Value of o for minimum T
2

5000 Ib
30
o
T
1
T
2
minimum
B

T
1
= R kos30
o
= 5000kos30
o
= 2500 3 N
T
2
= R sin30
o
= 5000sin30
o
= 2500 N
12
Example 2.7
Three forces act on the
bracket as shown. The
resultant of three forces
has a magnitude of 1300 N.
Determine the angle u and
magnitude of force F, so
that the magnitude of force
F is a minimum.

400 N
300 N
F
u
13
300 N
400 N
R = 1300N
u
F min
R
1
Find resultant for forces 300N and 400N

R
1
= 300
2
+400
2
= 500 N
u = tan
-1
300
400
|
\

|
.
|
= 36.87
o
F minimum when line of action of R
1
same with F
minimum
, so that:
F minimum = 1300 500 = 800 N

14
Resolve the
forces into
components x
and y axes:
+ve F
x
= 400 + Fkosu
+ +ve F
y
= 300 + Fsinu
so that:
R
2
= F
x ( )
2
+ F
y ( )
2
1300
2
= 400+Fkosu ( )
2
+ 300 + Fsinu ( )
2
1690000 = F
2
kos
2
u + 800Fkosu+160000 +F
2
sin
2
u + 600Fsinu+90000
1690000 = F
2
+ 800Fkosu + 600Fsinu + 250000 .............(1)
F minimum when
dF
du
= 0 :
0 = 2F
dF
du
+ 800F(-sinu) +600F(kosu)
tanu=
600
800
|
\

|
.
|
u = 36.87
o
replace in equ.(1)
F
2
+ 800Fkos36.7
o
+ 600Fsin36.87
o
- 1440000 = 0
F
2
+ 1000F - 1440000 = 0
F =
b b
2
4ac
2a
F = 800 N
OR
15
Two loads are applied
as shown to the end C
of the boom BC.
Determine the tension
in cable AC, knowing
that the resultant of the
three forces exerted at
C must be directed
along BC.
A
B
60 N
40 N
20
0
40
0
60
0 C
Example 2.8
16

R
2
= 40
2
+ 60
2
2(40)(60)kos160
o
R = 98.54N
Direction of resultant force:
sinu
40
=
sin160
o
R
u = 7.98
o
| = 60
o
u = 52.02
o
Find resultant forces between 40 N & 60 N
Resultant force along line BC

T
AC
sin(40
o
+u)
=
R
sin80
o
T
AC
= 74.34N
R
80
0

60N
40N
20
0
40
0
60
0
C
u
|
T
AC

B
u
R
17
Consider line BC as x-axis & y-axis perpendicular to BC
A
B
60 N
40 N
20
0
40
0
60
0
C
x
Resultant force along line AB (x-axis) so that resultant force
along line y = 0

F
y

= 0 :
T
AC
sin80
o
= 60sin40
o
+ 40sin60
o
T
AC
=
60sin40
o
+ 40sin60
o
sin80
o
T
AC
= 74.34N
OR
18
A collar which may slide on vertical rod is subjected to the
three forces shown. Determine:
i. the value of the angle u for which the resultant of the
three forces is horizontal
ii. The corresponding magnitude of the resultant
u
u
170N
85N
110N
Example 2.9
19
Polygon method
Forces 170 N and 85 N make acute angle


R
1
= 170
2
+ 85
2
= 190.07 N
| = tan
-1
85
170
|
\

|
.
|
|
= 26.57
o
= sin
-1
110
190.07
|
\

|
.
|
|
= 35.36
o
u = 90
o
| = 28.07
o
R = R
1
2
110
2
= 155.01 N


170N
85N
110N
R
1
R


20
ATAUPUN

| +ve F
y

= 0;
110 + 85sinu = 170kosu
from rumus, sin
2
u + kos
2
u = 1, so that:
110 + 85sinu = 170 (1-sin
2
u)
Square a both side:
85
2
sin
2
u + 2(85)(110)sinu + 110
2
= 170
2
(1 - sin
2
u)
36125sin
2
u + 18700sinu - 16800 = 0
sinu =
b b
2
4ac
2a
sinu =
-18700 18700
2
4(36125)(16800)
2(36125)
sinu =
18700 52700
72250
u = 28.07
o
Resultang Force:
+ve F
x

= 170sin28.07
o
+ 85kos28.07
o
R = 155 N
21
Hibbeler F2.5
A 900-N force acts on a
frame as shown.
Resolve this force into
components acting
along members AB and
AC, and determine the
magnitude of each
component.
Answer: F
AB
= 1738.7 N; F
AC
= 1272.8 N
22
Hibbeler F2.6
If force F is to have a
component along the
u-axis of F
u
= 6 kN,
determine magnitude
of F and magnitude
of its component F
v

along the v-axis.
(KUIZ 1)
Answer: F = 3.11 kN; F
v
= 4.39 kN
23
Hibbeler F2.11
If the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the
bracket is 400N directed along the u-axis, determine
the magnitude and the direction of force F. (KUIZ 1)
Answer: F = 312.5 N; = 14.3 measured CCW from x-axis
24
Tutorial 2A
SKKK 1013 :
Statics of Particles
25
Horizontal force 200N shown in Figure S.1 is to be resolved into
two component: F
1
, along line a-a and F
2
has magnitude 180N.
Find two possibilities value of F
1


200 N
60
0
a
a
Tutorial 2.1
26

sine law:
sinu
200
=
sin60
0
180
sinu = 0.9623
u = 74.21
0
,105.79
0

When u = 74.21
0
:
| = 120 u = 45.79
0
F
1
sin|
=
180
sin60
0
F
1
= 148.98 N

When u = 105.79
0
:
| = 120 u = 14.21
0
F
1
sin|
=
180
sin60
0
F
1
= 51.02 N
200 N
60
0
a
a
180 N
F
1

O
1
2

27
200 N
60
0
a
a'
180 N
F
1

O
1
2

M
Line OM perpendicular to
line a-a'

OM = 200sin60
O
= 100 3 N
Distance 2M = M1, so that:
2M = 180
2
(100 3)
2
= 48.99 N
aM = 200kos60
O
= 100 N
P
1
= aM 2M = 51.01 N
P
2
= aM + M1 = 148.99 N
OR
28
A ring as shown in Figure S.2 is subjected to the three
forces. Determine the range of magnitude of force P for
which the magnitude of resultant of the three forces is
not exceed 2500N.
Ans: 232.05N P 3232.05N

Tutorial 2.2
S = 2000 N
Q = 1000 N
P
30
0
60
0
O
29

draw 2 lines parallel : OM // SQ
& SH //QP
Distance OM
OM = 1000 + 2000sin30
0
= 2000
QM = 2000kos30
0
= 1000 3
P
1
M = MP
2
= 2500
2
OM
2
= 1500
QP
1
= QM P
1
M = 232.05 N
QP
2
=QM+MP
2
= 3232.05 N
232.05 N s P s 3232.05 N
2000 N
1000 N
P
1

90
0
120
0
P
2

O
S
Q
M
2500 N
2500 N
H
30

+ve R
x
= 2000 +1000kos60
0
Pkos30
0
R
x
= 2500
3
2
P
+ve | R
y
= 1000sin60
0
+ P sin30
0
R
y
= 500 3 +
P
2
R
2
= R
x
2
+ R
y
2
given R = 2500N
2500
2
= 2500
3
2
P
|
\

|
.
|
|
2
+ 500 3 +
P
2
|
\

|
.
|
2
6250000 = 6250000 2500 3P +
3
4
P
2
+ 750000 + 500 3P +
P
2
4
P
2
2000 3P + 750000 = 0
a = 1, b=-2000 3, c=750000
P =
b b
2
4ac
2a
P =
2000 3 (2000 3)
2
4(1)(750000)
2
P =
2000 3 30000
2
P = 232.06 N , 3232.05 N
OR
31

Bracket shown in Figure S.3 subjected to the three forces P, Q
and S. Force Q is horizontal. Find the required magnitude and
direction of force P if the resultant of the three forces is
vertically downward and has magnitude of 2500 N.
= 59.12
0
, P = 1165.2N
Tutorial 2.3
Q = 2000 N
P
S = 3000 N
60

32
2000 N
P
3000 N
60

O
M
F
N
K
Resultant Force, OF = 2500 N

MN = KM - KN
= 3000sin 60
0
- 2000 = 598.08 N

MF = OF - OM
= 2500 - 3000kos60
0

= 1000 N

Tan = MF/MN
= 59.12
0



P = MN
2
+MF
2
= (598.08)
2
+ (1000)
2
P = 1165.2 N
33
Q = 2000 N
P
S = 3000 N
60

Resultant Force is vertical,
R
y
= 2500N & R
X
=0

+ve : R
X

= 0;
3000sin60
O
2000 Pkosu = 0
Pkosu = 598.08 N..........(1)
+ +ve: R
y

= 2500;
P sinu + 3000kos60
O
= 2500
P sinu = 1000 N ...........(2)
equ.(2) equ.(1):
tanu = 1.672
u = 59.12
O
replace in equ.(1)
P = 1165.3 N
OR
34
2000 N
P
3000 N
30

O
M
F
N
K
60
o

B

BK =
2000
kos30
O
= 2309.4 N
KN = 3000 BK = 690.6 N
OK = 2000tan30
O
= 1154.7 N
KF = 2500 OK = 1345.3 N
Cosine Law, AKNF
P
2
= KN
2
+ KF
2
2(KN)(KF )kos60
O
P
2
= 690.6
2
+1345.3
2
2(690.6)(1345.3)0.5
P = 1165.5 N
Distance MN:
Pkosu = KN sin60
O
kosu = 0.5132
u = 59.13
O
OR
35
The force 600N acts vertically downward at the end of rod A
as shown in Figure S.4. Determine angle , if this force
resolved into a component acting along AC is 800N and
another component along rod AB?
60
600 N
A
B
C

= 79.5
0
, F
AB
= 908.3N
Tutorial 2.4
36

sine law:
sin|
600
=
sin60
O
800
| = 40.51
O
so that:
u = 180
O
60
O
|
u = 79.5
O
Force F
AB
:
F
AB
sinu
=
800
sin60
O
F
AB
= 908.3 N
60
600 N
800 N
A
B
C


B'
F
AB

B
37
OR

F
x

= R
x
= 0
F
AB
=
1600sinu
3
.......(1)
+ +ve : F
y

= R
y
= 600 N
F
AB
2
+ 800cosu = 600 replace equ.(1)
800sinu
3
= 600 800cosu
800 1 cos
2
u = 600 3 800 3 cosu
square aboth side:
2560000cos
2
u 2880000cosu + 440000 = 0
cosu =
b b
2
4ac
2a
cosu = 0.9427, 0.1823
u = 19.5
o
, 79.5
o
60
600 N
A
800
800sin
800cos
F
AB
sin60
F
AB
cos60


when u =79.5
o
F
AB
=
1600sin79.5
o
3
= 908.3 N
38