C&G 2395-01 Level 3 Award Principles, Practices and Legislation for the Periodic Inspection, Testing and Certification

of Electrical Installations Session on Prepare for Initial Inspection

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Outcome 1 Identify the requirements for inspecting, testing and recording the condition of electrical installations Aims State the purpose of inspection of electrical installations Specify the information that is required by the inspector to conduct the periodic inspection of an electrical installation

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A word about SAFETY

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Purpose of inspection and testing

1. The safety of persons and livestock against the effects of electric shock and burns in accordance with the general requirements of Regulations 2. Protection against damage to property by fire and heat arising from an installation defect 3. Confirmation that the installation is not damaged or deteriorated so as to impair safety 4. The identification of installation defects and noncompliance with the requirements of the regulations which give rise to danger

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GN3 3.1 Page 59

Statutory Documents

The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974

The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989

The Electricity Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002

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Non-Statutory Documents

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Importance of Compliance with Statutory & Non-Statutory Documents

Before you can commence Inspection OR Testing on installations or machines and equipment there are certain things which must be checked FIRST!!!

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Importance of Compliance with Statutory & Non-Statutory Documents

It is essential that the person carrying out the inspection and testing is COMPETENT. COMPETENT EXPERIENCED The inspector must be EXPERIENCED and must be sufficiently KNOWLEDGEABLE of the installation to be KNOWLEDGEABLE inspected.

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Importance of Compliance with Statutory & Non-Statutory Documents

The tester must ensure NO DANGER is caused to any PERSON, LIVESTOCK or PROPERTY. Prior to carrying out an inspection and test the inspector must be aware of the following.

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Importance of Compliance with Statutory & Non-Statutory Documents

The person carrying out the inspection must also be aware of the following design criteria in respect of the installation to be inspected. The Health & Safety at Work Act 1974 and the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 also requires the following information as a minimum.

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Importance of Compliance with Statutory & Non-Statutory Documents

Electrical installations should be designed into separate circuits e.g. power, lighting, cooker circuits to avoid danger in the event of faults and to facilitate the safe operation of the inspection and testing process. It is a requirement of the regulations that this information will be available as an on-site record of design

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Drawings, Charts and Installation Details

The following images were taken from the Building Regulations Approved Document P

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Circuit Details

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Earthing Details

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Importance of Compliance with Statutory & Non-Statutory Documents

Electrical contractors that issue inaccurate or misleading certificates or reports are liable to criminal prosecution by the Trading Standards Officers under the Trade Descriptions Act 1968 These prosecutions can be avoided by employing ONLY competent persons to produce these certificates and reports.

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Its the LAW!!!

Ignorance is NO Excuse

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Assessment of General Characteristics

Before commencing to carry out an initial verification of an installation, certain information and documentation must be available, such as that indicated on the following slides

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Assessment of General Characteristics

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Maximum demand Details of number of supply live conductors Earthing arrangements (TT, TN-S, TN-C-S) Supply voltage, frequency, current, Ze, etc. Drawings charts etc of installation details (type and composition of circuits, method of fault protection, protective and switching devices, equipment vulnerable to tests) 6. External influences 7. Compatibility 8. Maintainability

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Maximum Demand?

BS7671 (2011) Regulation 311.1

For economic and reliable design, the maximum demand of an installation shall be assessed In determining the maximum demand of an installation or part thereof, diversity may be taken into account.

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Details of Number of Supply Live Conductors?

BS7671 (2011) Regulation 312.2 The number and type of live conductors (Single-phase two wire a.c., three-phase four wire a.c.) (Copper or Aluminium) shall be determined both for the source of energy and for each circuit to be used within the installation.

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Earthing Arrangements TT System

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Earthing Arrangements TN-S System

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Earthing Arrangements TN-C-S System

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Assessment of General Characteristics

BS7671 (2011) Regulation 313.1 The following characteristics of the supply shall be determined by calculation, measurement, enquiry or inspection. 1. The nominal voltage 2. The current and frequency 3. The PSSC at the origin 4. The EFLI external to the installation Ze) 5. The suitability of the installation 6. The type and rating of the overcurrent protective device at the origin

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External Influences Codes

A = Environment B = Utilization C = Building

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External Influences

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External Influences

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Compatibility
Regulation 512.1.5 Compatibility Every item of equipment shall be selected and erected so that it will neither cause harmful effects to other equipment nor impair the supply during normal service including switching operations

SWA Brass Bush & Coupler

Galvanised metal box fixed outside

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Maintainability

Regulation 341.1 An assessment shall be made of the frequency and quality of maintenance the installation can reasonably be expected to receive during its intended life. Those characteristics are taken into account in applying the requirements of Part 4 to 7

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The person responsible for inspection & testing of an electrical installation must have:-

Sufficient skill, knowledge & experience Sound knowledge of the particular type of installation to be inspected & tested A reasonable understanding of BS7671

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Understanding of some DEFINITIONS

Direct Contact Basic Protection Indirect Contact Fault Protection Exposed & Extraneous Conductive Parts Types of Earthing ( TN-C-S TN-S TT ) Earthed Equipotential Bonding Main Bonding Conductors Equipotential (protective) Bonding Conductors Supplementary Bonding Conductors Circuit Protective Conductors.
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How are we at risk of shock & how do we protect against it

There are two ways at which we can be at risk:1. Touching live parts of equipment or systems that are intended to be live DIRECT CONTACT = BASIC PROTECTION 1. Touching conductive parts which are not intended to be live but have become live due to a fault INDIRECT CONTACT = FAULT PROTECTION
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Basic Protection (Direct Contact)

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Requirements for Basic Protection

Insulation Barriers Enclosures Placing out of reach Obstacles

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INSULATION

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Barriers & Enclosures

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Placing out of Reach

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Obstacles
A part preventing unintentional contact with live parts but not preventing deliberate contact

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INDIRECT CONTACT (Fault Protection)

Contact of persons or livestock with exposed conductive parts which have become live under fault conditions

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Requirements for Fault Protection

Automatic Disconnection of Supply (ADS) Double or Reinforced Insulation Electrical Separation Extra Low Voltage (SELV or PELV).

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Automatic Disconnection of Supply (ADS)

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By automatic disconnection we mean the fuse or circuit breaker must operate within the stated times. For final circuits not exceeding 32amps

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For distribution circuits & circuits above 32amps

The maximum disconnection times are:TN-C-S (PME) 5 seconds TN-S (cable sheath) 5 seconds TT (earth electrode) 1 second Regulation 413.3.2.3 & 413.3.2.4

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How much fault current is flowing

What makes a protective device operate within the maximum times

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How quick the protective device disconnects

What makes a protective device operate within the maximum times

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Loop impedance table from BS7671

Maximum Zs for 32A Type B MCB?

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Other methods of protection against electric shock

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Double or Reinforced Insulation

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Electrical Separation

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Extra Low Voltage (Not exceeding 50v AC) Separated Extra Low Voltage (SELV)

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Extra Low Voltage (Not exceeding 50v AC) Protective Extra Low Voltage (PELV)

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Exposed & Extraneous Conductive Parts

What are they?

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SAFE WORKING

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Working on LIVE Equipment

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The EAW Regulations State:-

NO LIVE WORKING UNLESS:1. It is unreasonable to work dead 2. It is reasonable to work live 3. Suitable precautions are taken to prevent injury.

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Working on LIVE Equipment

53% of electrical incidents causing injury are from working on live electrical equipment
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The Electricity At Work Regulations 1989

requires that we are competent at our work Competence requires that we apply both technical knowledge and experience Competence also implies that you are aware of what you dont know.

Remember before isolating

The person who is working must be competent to do the task.

Ignorance is no excuse if in doubt dont do it.

The task must be planned in such a way that no live working takes place.
The risks to injury must be limited. Before any isolation takes place the correct test equipment must be used.

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Outcome 1 Identify the requirements for inspecting, testing and recording the condition of electrical installations Aims State the purpose of inspection of electrical installations State the requirements for periodic inspection Specify the information that is required by the inspector to conduct the periodic inspection of an electrical installation

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This is the end of the Session not so bad after all was it!!

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