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6-2
Sprinkler Systems
6-3
Sprinkler Systems
Applicable Standards
NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in One-and Two-Family Dwellings and Mobile Homes NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupancies up to Four Stories in Height
(Continued)
6-4
Sprinkler Systems
6-5
Sprinkler Systems
6-6
Sprinkler Systems
Sprinklers
Sense the fire, react to that sense, and then deliver the water to the fire area Heat-sensitive device
Fusible link Frangible bulb
Temperature ratings: determined by maximum air temperature expected at level of the sprinkler under normal conditions
(Continued) 6-7 Sprinkler Systems
Sprinklers (cont.)
Sprinkler Response Time
Inevitable delay Response time index (RTI)
Deflector Component
Forms discharge pattern Basic configurations
Upright Pendant Sidewall Water spray nozzle
(Continued)
6-8
Sprinkler Systems
Sprinklers (cont.)
Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinklers
Thermal Sensitivity Actual Delivered Density Deflector design and discharge orifice
6-9
Sprinkler Systems
6-10
Sprinkler Systems
Valves
Control valves
Indicating/nonindicating
Outside screw and yoke (OS&Y) (Fig 6.18) Post indicator valve (PIV) (Fig 6.19) Wall post indicator valve (WPIV) (Fig 6.20) Indicating butterfly valve (Fig. 6.21)
(Continued)
6-12
Sprinkler Systems
Valves
Control valves (cont.)
Mechanism
Gate (Fig 6.22) Butterfly (Fig. 6.23) Ball
Security
Chain/locks Electric supervision
(Continued) 6-13 Sprinkler Systems
Valves (cont.)
Operating valves
Check valves (Figs. 6.24 and 6.25) Automatic drain valves Globe valves Stop or cock valves
6-14
Sprinkler Systems
6-15
Sprinkler Systems
6-16
Sprinkler Systems
Operational sequence
6-17
1. Heat from a fire causes the sprinkler to activate. 2. Pressurized air contained in the piping begins to flow through the open sprinkler. Sprinkler Systems
3. After a slight drop in air pressure, the quick-opening device (if present) activates to accelerate the removal of air from the piping. 4. Once the air pressure is reduced sufficiently, the dry-pipe valve trips open. The interior clapper is held in the Sprinkler Systems open position by a latch.
6-18
5. Water enters the intermediate chamber of the dry-pipe valve. This automatically forces the automatic drip valve closed and begins the flow of water through alarm-signaling equipment.
6-19
6. Water flows through the entire piping Sprinkler Systems system and is discharged through the
6-20
Sprinkler Systems
1. A product-of-combustion (heat, smoke, or flame) detector senses the presence of a fire condition, or an individual in the area discovers a fire in progress. 2. The fire detection system sends a signal to the deluge valve, causing the Sprinkler Systems valve to open, or the individual who
6-21
3. As water enters the deluge valve and the piping, a pressure switch is activated that transmits an alarm either locally or to a supervising station. A water motor gong (if present) is activated.
6-22
6-23
Sprinkler Systems
6-24
1. Product-of-combustion (heat, smoke, or flame) detector senses presence of fire condition. 2. Fire detection system sends signal to preaction valve, causing valve to open. 3. Sensors in piping system detect flow of water into system and trigger waterflow fire alarm. Sprinkler Systems 4. When level of heat at a sprinkler
6-25
Sprinkler Systems
Class I: Generally noncombustible, stored on wooden pallets in ordinary packaging Class II: Noncombustible commodity, packaged in wooden crates or multi-layered cardboard cartons
6-26 Sprinkler Systems Class III: Commodities made of combustible
6-27
Class IV: Meets one of the following criteria: 1. Constructed of Group B plastics. 2. Consists of free-flowing Group A plastics. 3. Contains an appreciable amount of Group A plastics. Sprinkler Systems Remaining materials may be
6-28
Sprinkler Systems
6-29
Sprinkler Systems
6-30
Sprinkler Systems
6-32
Sprinkler Systems
6-33
Sprinkler Systems
NOTE: If the system is equipped with a quick-opening device, opening the priming water test line could trip the system.
6-36 Sprinkler Systems (Continued)
6-37
Sprinkler Systems
6-39
Sprinkler Systems
6-40
Sprinkler Systems
Restoring wet-pipe sprinkler systems Restoring dry-pipe sprinkler systems Restoring deluge and preaction sprinkler systems
6-41 Sprinkler Systems
Unplanned interruptions
Frozen pipes Broken pipes Equipment failures
(Continued) 6-42 Sprinkler Systems
6-43
Sprinkler Systems
6-44
Sprinkler Systems
6-45
Sprinkler Systems
6-46
Sprinkler Systems
6-47
Sprinkler Systems
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Sprinkler Systems