How come we harness solar energy.

Solar Energy the Long-Term Solution?

Introduction Structure/Construction Working Uses Advantages/Disadvantages Conclusion

Introduction Structure/Construction Uses Advantages/Disadvantages Conclusion

Structure
PN Junction Photodiodes based on Semiconductor physics Large light-sensitive area Three energy-conversion layers Top is of N-type, middle is the core and bottom is of P-type material Additional electrical contact layers

Face electrical contact layer is metallic and of some grid pattern Grid pattern is widely spaced to allow sufficient light to fall Back layer covers the entire back surface of solar cell Both layers function current conductivity

Working
Action of photons on the semiconducting silicon material Absorption, passing straight or reflection Interaction with electron in case of absorption Electron in valence shell gets energy

Excited electron leaves its position creating a hole Excitation of electrons enhances mobility of holes The more mobility of charge carriers the more conduction Photon must be powerful

P-N junction comes into play Regions of concentration and electric field Connection to external load Free charge carriers may travel through the wire, power load and continue through the wire Voltage measured is the difference of levels of minority charge carriers

Equivalent Circuit

Schematic Diagram

Powering Space Vehicles

Powering Space Vehicles Solar Powered Cars

Solar Racing Cars

Powering Space Vehicles Solar Powered Cars Rural Areas Electrification

Solar Panels being installed in village Rarkou in Nagarparkar, Sindh

Powering Space Vehicles Solar Powered Cars Rural Area Electrification Solar Powered Water Pumps

Solar Cell Water Pump being used for Irrigation in Sakhar

Uses

Powering Space Vehicles Solar Powered Cars Rural Area Electrification Solar Powered Water Pumps Domestic Supply

Uses

Health Care

Uses

Health Care Lighting

Uses

Health Care Lighting Inaccessible Places

Uses

Health Care Lighting Inaccessible Places Watches & Calculators

 Dependence on sun

Disadvantages
Dependence on sun

Large area

Disadvantages
Dependence on sun
Large area Large no. of

batteries

Disadvantages
Dependence on sun
Large area Large no. of batteries Initial Cost

Disadvantages
Dependence on sun
Large area Large no. of batteries Initial Cost Positioning

Proper Positioning

Advantages
Renewable

source

Advantages
Renewable source

Silent

Advantages
Renewable source Silent No pollution Clean source on

energy

Advantages
Renewable source Silent No pollution Clean source on

energy Low maintenance Long Term efficiency

Advantages
Renewable source Silent No pollution Clean source on

energy Low maintenance Long Term efficiency Environmental friendly

Advantages
Renewable source Silent no pollution Clean source on Easy to Install

energy Low maintenance Long Term efficiency Environmental friendly

Advantages
Renewable source Silent No pollution Clean source on Easy to Install

Accessibility for

Remote Areas.

energy Low maintenance Long Term efficiency Environmental friendly

Remote Areas

No Need of long electric power lines

Future Of Solar Cell