Ministry of Science and Technology Yangon Technological University Department of Electrical Power Engineering

Analysis of Power System Stability for Industrial Zone

Second Seminar ( 26.12.2012 )
Supervised by Dr. Wint Wint Kyaw Presented by Mg Soe Thura Nyein Ph.D EP -2 Ph.D (Engineering ) 6th Batch
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Aims and Objectives

To analyze the industrial power system stability and optimize the networks costs To increase of power supply quality up to developed countries level To construct and plan the own industrial network design
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Outline of Presentation
Introduction Requirement of Smart Industrial Zone Transient Stability Feeder Position of Actual Industrial Zone Ideal Industrial Zone

Planning Standards
Analytical Frameworks Further Study
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Types of security violations & consequences

Overloaded Xmer/line has higher tripping likelihood, resulting in loss of another element, possible cascading, voltage or dynamic insecurity Overload Security Dynamic security can result in loss of generation; growing oscillations can Security cause large power swings to enter relay trip zones

Voltage Security

Dynamic Security

Xfmr overload

Line overload

Cascading overloads

Low voltage affects EarlyOscillatory Low Unstable swing instability load and generation Voltage Voltage instability (damping) operation. Voltage instability can result in widespread loss SmallLargeSlow Fast of load.
voltage collapse voltage collapse
disturbance instability

disturbance 4 instability

Requirements of a Smart Industrial Zone

Power system studies and optimization
Excellent planning leads to excellent results

Asset management solutions

Knowing exactly where to act

Software and support

Professional tools for professional work

Transient Stability
Transient Stability
Each generator operates at the same synchronous speed and frequency of 50 hertz while a delicate balance between the input mechanical power and output electrical power is maintained. The ability of power system to survive the transition following a large disturbance and reach an acceptable operating condition is called transient stability.

Classification of Types of Stability

Long-Term Stability Few Minutes to Several Minutes Mid-Term Stability 10 seconds to Few Minutes Short-Term or Transient Stability

0 to 10 seconds
Range of Time Periods

Transient Stability Levelling

Transmission network connected generators
high fault levels
high inertia high-speed protection high transient stability

Distribution network connected generators

low fault levels low inertia slow-speed protection
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low transient stability

Hlaing Thar Yar Industrial Zone (Actual)

Hlaing Thar Yar S/S (100 MVA)

Hlawga S/S (280 MVA)

33 kV, 300 A (each)

33 kV, 300 A (each)

Hlaing Thar Yar IZ Allowable 50 MVA

Industrial systems
Motor behavior

System protection
Transient analysis Harmonic analysis

Filter design
Energy efficiency etc

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Amp and Time Curve for a Line

Daily Load Cycle of Hlaing Thar Yar Line
500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 0:00 Daily Load Cycle
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Power System Operation States

Normal

Restorative

Alert

In-extremis

Emergency

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Ideal Industrial Zone

From Electricity Supply

From Back-up Supply

Ideal IZ Allowable 50 MVA up to Back-up withstand

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Planning Standards
Four major topics are:
System Adequacy and Security System Modeling Data Requirements System Protection and Control System Restoration

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System Modeling Data Requirements

System Data Generation Equipment Facility Ratings Actual and Forecast Demands Demand Characteristics (Dynamic)

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System Restoration
System Black Start Capability
the necessary to establish initial generation that can be supply electric power to other system generation to handle the supply to the auxiliaries in the power plant, the coal handling equipment etc.

Automatic Restoration of Load

the automatic load restoration plan would require careful analysis of the setting of relays used to restore load automatically, sequence in which tie lines etc. 16

Analytical Frameworks
Power Flow Analysis
Partial PV and QV curves can be readily calculated using power flow programs.

Continuation Methods
A popular and robust technique to obtain full PV and/or QV curves is the continuation method.

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continued

Optimization or Direct Methods

The maximum loading point can be directly computed using optimization-based methodologies.

Time Scale Decomposition

The PV and QV relations produced results corresponding to an end state of the system where all tap changers and control actions have taken place in time and the load characteristics were restored to a constant power characteristic. 18

Mitigation of Voltage
From Fault to Trip
To understand the various ways of mitigation, the mechanism leading to an equipment trip needs to be understood.

Reducing the Number of Faults

Reducing the number of short-circuit faults in a system not only reduces the sag frequency, but also the frequency of long interruptions.
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Continued:

Reducing the Fault-Clearing Time

Reducing the fault-clearing time does not reduce the number of events, but only their severity.

Changing the Power System

Install a generator near the sensitive load.

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Further Study
To analyze:
The Balance Fault and Unbalance Fault.

Some types of fault apply to my ideal IZ

Single Line to Ground fault Double Line to Ground fault Line to Line fault Three Phase fault
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References
NERC Planning Standards, http://www.nerc.com/standards/

Vijay Vittal, 2002, Consequence and Impact of Electric Utility Industry Restructuring on Transient Stability.
Prabha Shankar Kundur, 1994, Power System Stability and Control from Power System Engineering Series.

Mansour, Y., editor , 1990. Voltage Stability of Power Systems: Concepts, Analytical Tools, and Industry Experience, IEEE Special Publication #90TH03582-PWR.
Goran Andersson, 2010, Dynamics and Control of Electric Power Systems. Leonard L. Grigsgy, 2008, Electric Power Engineering Handbook: Power System Stability and Control, pp 470-482.
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Thanks for Your Attention

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