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Semi-pressurised ships
C tanks max. working press. 5-7 bar Secondary barrier not required Low temp.steel up to 48 oC (for most LPG and
chemical gas cargoes) Can be made from special aloy steel or aluminum for ehylene (- 104 oC) Reduced tk.thickness refrigeration plant & insulation required (for LPG, vinyl chlorid, propylene and butadiene) Discharging/loading throught refrigirated or pressurised facilities
Ethylene ships
For ethylene or LPGs or Chemical Gases Tanks type C No secondary barrier required High-capacity reliquefaction plant and
insulation fitted Complete double hull required for all cargoes below 55 oC (for tanks type A, B or C)
Independant tanks w.double hull Integral tanks (incorporating a double hull) Semi-membrane tanks (incorporating a double hull)
bulkhead and transverse wash plates Reliquefaction plant and insulation fitted Cargo heaters and booster pumps often fitted for discharging into pressurised facilities
LNG ships
For Methan: - 161 oC, or Ethylene: - 104 oC
Types of tanks:
Gaz
Transport membrane Technigaz membrane Kvaerner Moss spherical type B IHI SPB Tank prismatic
Double hull troughout cargo lenght Cargo boil-off is burned as fuel Hold spaces around tanks inerted continuosly
(except in the case of spherical Type Bmay be filled w. dry air)
carried in fully refrigerated condition (below 0.25 bar) Self-suporting prismatic tk. Secondary barrier required For cargoes below 10 o C Sec. barrier 15 days leakage
Type A
Tip A
Samonosivi prizmatini tk. za terete ispod 10 0C Zahtjevaju unutarnja pojaanja Izolirani pjenom (direktno na tanku ili unutarnjem trupu) Obavezna 2. barijera koja pokriva cijeli tank
kod tereta do - 55 0C (ili kao bariera ili kao dio konstrukcije) mora izdati proput. 15 dana Prostori izmeu bariera ispunjeni inertnim plinom
Tip B
Sferini (Kvaerner Moss) Prizmatini
Parcijalna druga bariera (ispod donje polovice)
ispunjena inertnim plinom ili suhim zrakom
Tip C
Posude pod tlakom (5 20 bar ovisno da
li su semi ili fully pressurised brodovi) Sferini ili cilindrini Ne zahtijevaju drugu barieru Nedostatak slaba iskoristivost prostora i velika teina (manje tereta) Izolacija
Membranski tankovi
Nisu samonosivi (poduprti izolac. i trupom) Trup oblikovan kao drea struktura Obavezna druga bariera (osigurava
nepropusnost i vrstou) 2 osnovna sistema:
Gaz Transport Technigaz:
Mark
I Mark III
Test tlak 0.245 bar/temp.=- 165OC Pretlak: 80 mbar (ne podnose potlak) Npr. Pokolni = 1000 mbar / pspremnika = 1080 Dom kapljevine (prema krmi):
Poklopac za ulazak u tank Cjevovodi ukrcaja/iskrcaja Temperaturne i sonde nivoa Kabeli pumpe iskrcaja (ako je motor u tanku)
Polumembranski tankovi
Nisu nali veu primjenu Primarna bariera deblja nego na membr.tk. Ravne stranice i veliki radijusi za diletacije Samonosivi kad je prazan ali ne i kad je pun
(tada se oslanja na unutarnji trup) Modificirani za fully refrigerated LPG (neke Jap. gradnje)
-Tank oslonjen na ekvatorijalni prsten koji prenosi optereenje na dvostruku oplatu. - Materijal aluminij 5083-0 - Izolacija PU pjena zatiena Al oplatom - Na gornjoj polovici kruni perforirani cjevovod za hlaenje tokom putovanja u balastu PREDNOSTI - Manji rizik od oteenja pri sudaru ili nasukanju - Povoljniji uvijeti gradnje (nezavisno od trupa broda) i bolja kontrola gradnje - Podnose vee tlakove (mogunost iskrcaja bez pumpi) - Oblik omoguuje bolje sakuplanje tereta bolja kontrola iskrcaja
LNG
- Poveava iskoristivost brodskog prostora - Tlak limitiran na 0.7 bar LNG brodovi
Type C tanks
Cylindrical or Spherical Design pressure higher than 2 bar For semi or fully pressurised carriers Designed and bult acc. with pressure vessel codes No sec. Barrier is required Hold space filled w. Inert gas or dry air
Type C tanks
Semi-pressurised ships:
Pmax = 5 7 bar / vacum = 0.5 bar T = - 48 for LPG / - 104 for ethylene (for steel) Ethylene carrier may be used to transport LPG
Type C tanks
Membrane tanks
Not self supporting (supported through the insulation inner hull) Primary & secondary barrier 2 companies (types):
Larger LNG carriers Primary barrier (Invar: 36% Ni / 0.2% C) Perlite in plywood boxes (200 mm) Secondary barrier (Invar) Perlite in plywood boxes (200 mm)
Invar: Low coeff.of thermal exp. Thickness of 0.7 mm (new designs)
Primary barrier SS 18 Ni / 10 Cr 1.2 mm Corrugated plates Mark I balsa wood + plywood + pvc connection Mark III PU foam + triplex + plywood boxes
Armatura tanka
Pumpe za iskrcaj (2) Pumpe za posuivanje Temperaturne sonde po visini Senzori za mjerenje tlaka Mjerai razine Plovci za alarm visokog nivoa Mjerai gustoe tereta
Cjevovod razvoda duika ili suhog zraka Aut.sig.ventili za ispust N2 ili CH4 u sluaju proboja membrane Cjevovodi za uzimanje uzoraka Temperaturne sonde (vie njih) Senzori za alarm u sluaju proboja
Cjevovod razvoda duika ili suhog zraka Aut.sig.ventili za ispust N2 ili CH4 u sluaju proboja 2. membrane Cjevovodi za uzimanje uzoraka Temperaturne sonde (vie njih) Senzori za alarm u sluaju proboja Senzori za sluaj proboja vode iz balasta
Semi-membrane tanks
Primary barrier much thicker than membrane Large radius corners & flat sides Self-supporting when empty (not in loaded
condition) Several Japanese-built fully refrigerated LPG
Integral tanks
Structural part of the ships hull Not allowed for carriage LG below -10 0C Some Japanese built for carriage of fully
refrigerated butane Integral tk-s w. Internal insulation (fixed on inner hull or independent load-bearing surface) up to -55 0C (concept has not proved)
Insulation materials
Balsa Wood -------------- 0.05 W/moK Mineral Wood ----------- 0.03 W/moK Perlite -------------------- 0.04 W/moK Polystyrene ------------- 0.036 W/moK Polyurethane ----------- 0.025 W/moK
Valves
Valves on pipeline
Relief
Pilot-operated is used on any types of tanks Spring-loaded is used on tanks type C (under pressure)
Zahtjevi za konstrukciju
Pump room ne smije biti ispod gl.palube Cjevovod se ne smije voditi ispod g.p. Cjevovod mora ii kroz tank dome Komp.stanica i stan.el. motora moraju biti
nepropusno odvojeni ESD (Emergency Shut Down) sistem za gaenje kompresora, zatv. ventila, zaustavljanje pumpi sa mosta, skale, kompresorske stanice, CCR i Emergency Control Station-a; i ako nestane napajanja ili kod poara na tank domu.
Zahtjevi za konstrukciju
Najmanje 2 sig. Ventila na tk-ovima veim od
20 m3 (manji od 20 m3 dozv. 1 ventil) Redovita drenaa vent risera (voda poveava tlak otvaranja) Ubrizgavanje inhibitora smrzavanja u pumpe (metanol i sl.) Grijai kod iskrcaja u topao tank na kraju, ili ukrcaja (npr. Propan se zagrijava od 45 na 5 kako ne bi dolo do pucanja tankova, ako nisu prije pothlaeni)