Bluetooth Technology

Introduction
Bluetooth is a wireless technology for creating personal networks operating in the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band, with a range of 10 meters. Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power microwave wireless link technology. Designed to connect phones, laptops, PDAs and other portable equipment together with little or no work by the user.

History
Started in 1994 by Ericsson Mobile Communication. Low-power radio interface. 1998, the Bluetooth SIG was formed. 1999, companies like Microsoft, 3 Com, Motorola and Lucent joined the SIG.

Name
The heart of the Bluetooth brand identity is the name Which refers to the Danish king Harald Bluetooth In the beginning of the Bluetooth wireless technology era, Bluetooth was aimed at unifying the telecom and computing industries.

Logo
A Scandinavian firm originally designed the logo. The logo unites the Runic alphabetic characters "H", which looks similar to an asterisk. "B", which are the initials for Harald Bluetooth. If you look close enough you can see both embodied in the logo.

Users
Bluetooth is a standard and a communications protocol primarily designed for low power consumption, with a short range. Readily available in most modern mobile phones and laptop computers. Also used with accessories such as wireless headphones and gaming controllers, etc.

Bluetooth Protocol
Extends upto 10 metres. Uses globally available 2.4GHz ISM band. 79 channels of 1MHz each. Hop frequency is 1600 hops/second. Uses ARQ, CRC, FEH for reliability. Each device identified with 48bit unique address (IEEE 802) Follows a strict master-slave scheme Master can have up to 7 active slaves connected in a piconet

Bluetooth devices
Bluetooth Dongle Bluetooth Headset Bluetooth mouse Key board

Bluetooth versions
1999

- Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced.

Version 2.1. Bluetooth Version 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) Devices using Version 2.0 + EDR Bluetooth Core Specification Version 2.1 + EDR Bluetooth Core Specification Version 3.0 + HS (High Speed)

2003

2004

2005

2007

2009

Security Overview
In Bluetooth, key generation is generally based on a Bluetooth PIN, which must be entered into both devices. This procedure might be modified if one of the devices has a fixed PIN During pairing, an initialization key or master key is generated, using the E22 algorithm

Health concerns
Bluetooth uses the microwave radio frequency spectrum in the 2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz range. Maximum power output from a Bluetooth radio is 100 mW, 2.5 mW, and 1 mW for Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3. Accordingly, Class 2 and Class 3 Bluetooth devices are considered less of a potential hazard than mobile phones.

Advantages
No line of site restrictions as with IrDA. Low power consumption makes integrated in battery powered devices very practical. 2.4 GHz radio frequency ensures worldwide operability. Qualification program ensures that products displaying the Bluetooth logo have been tested to meet stringent expectations for ease of use. Tremendous momentum not only within the computer industry but other industries like cellular telephones and transportation.

Disadvantages
Early stages of development make Bluetooth an immature technology that will need to prove itself Bluetooth shares the same frequency range as 802.11b Wireless LAN products (i.e. 2.4GHz)

Problems
Vulnerable to Bluesnarfing, Blue jacking, Wireless networks open pathways for security breaches.

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