Vehicle Aerodynamics And Design

ByRakesh Deekonda, Ankit Gupta(ME6E) Pillais Polytechnic, New Panvel.

Guide:
Pravin Dahalke

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION AERODYNAMIC HISTORY MAIN CONCERNS OF VEHICLE AERODYNAMICS DRAG DOWNFORCE FLOW CHRACTERISTICS EFFECTS OF ADD-ONs AERODYNAMICS IN HIGH SPEED CARS ADVANTAGES CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
Aerodynamics is a branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a solid object. Vehicle aerodynamics is the study of the aerodynamics of road vehicles.
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Aerodynamics History
Aerodynamics has played an important role in car racing since the late 1960s. After that time, improved wing systems taken from the aeronautic technology. Improving consistently lap times, increasing cornering speeds and vehicle stability. With the introduction of the ground effect a few years later the vehicles used a third element (the under body) to produce down force, and hence improve the performances.
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ADVANCEMENT OF AERODYNAMICS
wing

wing

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The Main Concerns Of Automotive Aerodynamics Are : Reducing drag Reducing wind noise Minimizing noise emission Preventing undesired lift forces For some classes of racing vehicles, it may also be important to produce desirable downwards aerodynamic forces to improve traction and thus cornering abilities.
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AERODYNAMIC EFFECT ON F1 CAR

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DRAG
Drag is the energy lost pushing through air, and it accounts for most of the fuel used on longdistance journeys, regardless of vehicle type. Overcoming drag uses approx. 60% of fuel used at cruising speeds when loaded, 70% when empty. Sharp corners, racks and parts that stick out will add parasitic drag, further reducing fuel efficiency.
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What Is The Down Force?

The term down force describes the downward pressure created by the aerodynamic characteristics of a car. However it also inverses friction between the tires and the road surface, thus decreasing maximum velocity. Its a force which arises due to the airflow over and below the car, which act vertically downward on the car.
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Interacting Flow Fields

Flow past vehicle body

Flow past vehicle components (wheels, heat exchangers, brakes, windshield) Flow in passenger compartment
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Objectives Of Improvement Of Flow Past Vehicle Bodies

Reduction of fuel consumption More favourable comfort characteristics Mud deposition on body, noise, ventilating and cooling of passenger compartment) Improvement of driving characteristics (stability, handling, traffic safety)
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Wind Tunnel Investigations Aiming At Reduction Of Aerodynamic Drag Of Buses

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EFFECT OF GOOD AERODYNAMIC STYLING

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Effect Of Add-on Devices And Limits Of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction

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AERODYNAMICS IN HIGH SPEED CAR

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Advantages of aerodynamic design in vehicle

Less fuel is consumed. Less energy is needed to move them forward. At 95Km/h, 60-70% of a vehicles energy is used to move it through the air, compared with only 40% at 50 Km/h. Installing a sloping front roof on a trucks could save you as much as 7% of your fuel costs. Even small changes to design and shape will make a difference.
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CONCLUSION
The aerodynamic shape of a vehicle is crucial because it has a large impact on fuel. When buying a new vehicle, carefully consider the impact of aerodynamic features. Remember that time invested in this area will be worth the investment.
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REFRENCES
AERODYNAMIC DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE , M. R. Mendenhall, H. S. Y. Chou WIKIPEDIA.COM "Background Research." Automobile Aerodynamics. 18 May 2008. DHS. 18 May 2009 http://www.autoevolution.com/news/automotive-windtunnels-making-aerodynamic-cars-23250.html

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THANK YOU
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