COGNITION

SOME INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS

PHYSICAL REALITY vs VIRTUAL REALITY

P.R. is thought to exist independent of an
observer (objectivite & unaccessible) V.R. creates the hypothetical image of physical reality (adequate signal to modalities)

So, what is more REAL?

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SOME INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS

EXPT ON COMMISSUROTOMIZED BRAIN

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SOME INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS VENTRILOQUISM SHOWS

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DEFINITION

What is COGNITION? Sensing

Interpreting

Decision-making

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VISUAL COGNITION

HOW WE SEE?
a) Light: EM Wave, Frequency Range, Reflection

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VISUAL COGNITION

HOW WE SEE?
b) Eye: Simple Receptor for Light stimuli

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VISUAL COGNITION

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VISUAL COGNITION
HOW WE SEE?
c) Brain: Receiving, Interpreting, Directing sensory information

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VISUAL COGNITION
3 STRIKING OBSERVATIONS OF BRAIN:
Specific parts of visual cortex are responsible to specific visual stimuli (spatial frequency analysis)

Massive parallel distributed processing (PDP) of signals throughout the brain, iteratively and multi-modally
There are functional asymmetries between the two hemispheres of brain: Left more logical and analytical; while Right is more for organizing and synthesizing (art-related)
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VISUAL COGNITION
Referring back to the Commissurotomized Brain Experiment:

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VISUAL COGNITION
Sequence of steps that we follow for Visual Cognition:

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VISUAL COGNITION
Evolution of Human Eye and Brain:

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VISUAL COGNITION
Saccadic Eye Movements (Scanpaths):

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VISUAL COGNITION
Yarbus (1967): Will, Economic, Age, Activity, Clothing, Position, How long

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VISUAL COGNITION
PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE BASIC STIMULI TO IDENTIFIABLE PATTERNS:
1. Contours vs Ganzfeld

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VISUAL COGNITION
PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE BASIC STIMULI TO IDENTIFIABLE PATTERNS:
2. Gratings

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VISUAL COGNITION
PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE BASIC STIMULI TO IDENTIFIABLE PATTERNS:
3. Proximity (Gestalt Psychology)

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VISUAL COGNITION
PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE BASIC STIMULI TO IDENTIFIABLE PATTERNS:
4. Similarity (Gestalt Psychology)

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VISUAL COGNITION

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VISUAL COGNITION
PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE BASIC STIMULI TO IDENTIFIABLE PATTERNS:
5. Continuation (Gestalt Psychology)

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VISUAL COGNITION
PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE BASIC STIMULI TO IDENTIFIABLE PATTERNS:
6. Closure (Gestalt Psychology)

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VISUAL COGNITION
PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE BASIC STIMULI TO IDENTIFIABLE PATTERNS:
7. Pragnanz (Gestalt Psychology)

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VISUAL COGNITION
PRINCIPLES GUIDING THE BASIC STIMULI TO IDENTIFIABLE PATTERNS:
8. Context / Schemata (Top Down Approach)

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VISUAL COGNITION
VISUAL DISSONANCE:

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VISUAL COGNITION
DEPTH PERCEPTION:

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VISUAL COGNITION

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AURAL COGNITION HOW WE HEAR?

a) Sound: Mechanical Wave, Frequency Range, Diffraction

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AURAL COGNITION HOW WE HEAR?

b) Ear: Convert Mech. vibration to Elec. impulses

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AURAL COGNITION
Impedance Matching, Amplification, Equalization

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AURAL COGNITION
Basilar Membrane and Tonotopic Frequency distribution

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AURAL COGNITION
Auditory Masking

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AURAL COGNITION
HOW WE HEAR?
c) Brain: Receiving, Interpreting, Directing sensory information

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AURAL COGNITION
Tonotopic and Binaural Hearing (stripes of EE and EI)

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AURAL COGNITION
AUDITORY ANALOGUE FOR GESTALT THEORY

Figure-Ground vs Use-of-Silence Proximity-principle vs A regular interval

of Short-clicks (temporarily or spatially)

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AURAL COGNITION
PATTERN-MATCHING IN AUDITORY PERCEPTION

For weak signal, but strong in meaning (name,

soft signals for predators)

Previously learnt experience (Amygdala) Aggregate firing of the nerve cells together
with rate of firing match an earlier waveform (volley theory and place theory)
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AURAL COGNITION
QUALITY (SOUND, PRODUCT, TRANSMISSION) EXAMPLE OF A PSQ LIFE CYCLE:

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RELATED APPLICATION AREAS

Medical Therapy (Binaural beats reduce anxiety)
Product Designing (like improvising PSQ)

HR initiatives (behaviour mapped to mind)

Improved acoustic environment and gadgets Making Weapons (unfortunately)

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MULTIMODAL COGNITION
SYNESTHESIA
Colour: I realized that to make an R all I had to do was first write a P and draw a line down from its loop. And I was so surprised that I could turn a yellow letter into an orange letter just by adding a line Sound-Colour: My favorite music has lines that extend horizontally beyond the 'screen' area

Multimodal PDP more accurately defines the speed and correctness with which individuals perceive external stimulus Bayesian Model and Max Likelihood Estimation
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SOME ONGOING PROJECTS

BLUE BRAIN PROJECT DEVELOPING THE SIXTH SENSE EXPLORING ON AUGMENTED REALITY

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COGNITION

THANK YOU

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