Chapter 1: Functions

1. Arrow Diagram Domain, Codomain, Object and Image (a) first set -------- domain (b) second set ------ codomain (c) elements in domain -----objects (d) elements in codomain which are mapped ----- images (e) set of images --------- range
factor of 4 12 7 14 9

4
6

Ordered pairs: (4, 4), (12, 4), (12, 6), (14, 7)

Example: Domain = {4, 12, 14} Range = {4, 6, 7} Image of12 = {4, 6}

Codomain = {4, 6, 7, 9} Image of 4 = {4} Objects of 7 = {14}

TYPES OF RELATION
One to -one
Square root of 25 16 9 5 4 3 Ahmad

One to many
Children of Yati Izzat Ali

Many to - one
Sum of digit 23 41 62 5 8 9

Many to many
Type of number -2 2 5 Prime Negative Positive

3. Function
f(x) = 3x 2

object

image

Find the image for 2: f(2) = 3(2) 2 = 4 Find the object for 10: means image = 10, what is the object, x? 3x 2 = 10 3x = 10 + 2 = 12 x=

12 =4 3

Functions that maps to itself: object = image f(x) = x Given f(x) = 3x 2, find the value of x such that f maps to itself x f(x) Solution: f(x) = x 3x 2 = x 3x x = 2 .1 .1 2x = 2 x=1 Function which is undefined Function in fraction form f(x) =

a , f is undefined when b = 0 b
f undefined when 2x 4 = 0 2x = 4, x = 2

3 f ( x) 2x 4

4. Absolute Value Function Function in the form

f ( x) ax b

Takes on positive value only. Given f ( x) 3 x 12 , find the value of f(-2), hence sketch the graph for -2 x 8 and state the range of f(x) for -2 x 8. Solution:

f ( x) 3 x 12
f(-2) = 3(2) 12 18 18 for domain -2 x 8, when x = -2, f(-2) = 18, when x = 8 f(8) = 3(8) 12 12 12 when f(x) = 0, 3x 12 = 0, x = 4 The range is 0 f(x) 18.

5. Composite function: fg(x) means g(x) followed by f(x) f2(x) = ff(x) Given f(x) = 3x 2 and g(x) = x2 - 2x, find (a) fg (b) gf (c) f2 Solution: (a) fg(x) = f(x2 2x) = 3(x2 2x) 2 = 3x2 6x 2 (b) gf(x) = g(3x 2) = (3x 2)2 2(3x 2) = 9x2 12x + 4 6x + 4 = 9x2 18x + 8 (c) f2(x) = ff(x) = f(3x 2) = 3(3x 2) 2 = 9x 6 2 = 9x - 8

6.

Inverse Function If f maps x to y, then f-1 maps y to x. I. If f(x) = y, then x = f-1(y). Given f(x) =

x .x

f(x)

3 , find 2x 4
(b) f-1(2)

.y

(a) f-1
Solution:

3 f(x) = y y = 2x 4
y(2x 4) = 3 2xy = 3 + 4y 2xy 4y = 3 f-1(x) =

x .x

f -1

f(x)

.y

3 4y (a) x = 2y
(b) f-1(2)

3 4x 2x
Note ff-1(x) = f-1f(x) = x

3 4(2) 11 = 2(2) 4

Example: Given f : x 5x + 3 and f -1:x mx + n, find the value of m and n. Solution: Let y = 5x + 3 x=

y 3 5

f-1(x) =

x 3 1 3 x 5 5 5
3 5

Compare f-1(x) = mx + n,

Therefore, m =

1 5

, n=

Example 2: Given fg(x) = 4 8x and f(x) = 2 + x, find g(x)

Solution: f(x) = 2 + x f[g(x)] = 2 + g(x) = 4 8x g(x) = 4 8x 2 = 2 8x Example 3: Given gf(x) = 3 + 7x and f(x) = x + 2, find g(x) Solution: f(x) = x + 2 gf(x) = 3 + 7x g[x + 2] = 3 + 7x Let y = x + 2, g(y) = 3 + 7(y 2) = 7y -11 g(x) = 7x - 11

x=y2