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Technologies
Network Dimensioning
Transmission Planning
Planning Tools
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Network Dimensioning
EXPLAIN CHAPTER 4
Dimensioning
Coverage Planning
Capacity Planning
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Dimensioning
EXPLAIN paragraph 4.1
Dimensioning (3)
main cities
important roads
location of
mountain ranges
inhabited area
shore lines
Local
knowledge
city skylines
typical
architecture
structure of city
local habits
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Input Data
Demographic Data
Statistical
yearbook
largest towns,
cities
population
distribution
where are
expected
customers?
Local
knowledge
population
migration routes
commuting traffic
volumes
subscriber
concentration
points
2 mill.
pop.
300 000 pop.
400 000 pop.
400 000 pop.
250 000 pop.
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Coverage level
requirements
Indoor coverage
areas
MS classes to plan
for
Operators cell
deployment
strategies
omni-cells in
rural areas?
3-sector cells in
urban areas?
minimum of 2
TRX per cell?
phase 1
NW launch
rollout
phase 2
rollout
phase 3
Input Data
Coverage Requirements
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Coverage Planning
EXPLAIN paragraph 4.2
At BS side
connectors
cables
isolator
combiner
filter
At MS side
body loss
polarisation of
antenna
m
a
n
y
m
e
t
e
r
s
cables &
connecto
rs
filte
r
combiner
BS output
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Power Budget
Gain Factors
Antenna gain
main antenna parameter
slight difference between DL and UL
the antenna models in use should be
defined at the very beginning of the
project
Diversity gain
diversity can be implemented in many
ways, with different gains
Penetration losses
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EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
WLL subscribers
path loss = 154 dB
combiner
loss = 5
dB
Feeder
Loss = 4 dB
Rx Sensitivity
- 102 dBm
Tx Power
45 dBm (20W)
Antenna
Gain = 16dBi
- 102 dBm
52 dBm
36 dBm
40 dBm
Power Budget
Down-Link
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
WLL subscribers
path loss = 154 dB
Feeder
Loss = 4 dB
Tx Power
33 dBm (2W)
Antenna
Gain = 16 dBi
Diversity
Gain = 4 dB
33 dBm
- 121 dBm
- 101 dBm
- 105 dBm
Rx Sensitivity
-105 dB
Power Budget
Up-Link
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Power Budget
Example
Power budget
GENERAL INFORMATION
Frequency (MHz): 1800 System: DCS1800
Case description: MS Class: 1
RECEIVING END: BS MS
RX RF- Input Sensitivity dBm -108.00 -100.00 A
Interference Degradation Margin dB 3.00 3.00 B
Body Proximity Loss dB 0.00 2.00 C
Cable Loss +Connectors dB 3.00 0.00 D
Rx Antenna Gain dBi 18.00 0.00 E
Diversity Gain dB 4.00 0.00 F
Isotropic Power dBm -124.00 -95.00 G=A+B+C+D-E-F
Field Strength dBV/m 18.31 47.31 H=G+Z*
TRANSMITTING END: MS BS
TX RF Output Peak Power W 1.00 29.50
(mean power over RF cycle) dBm 30.00 44.70 K
Body Proximity Loss dB 2.00 0.00 L
Isolator +Combiner +Filter dB 0.00 2.20 M
RF-Peak Power, Combiner Output dBm 28.00 42.50 N=K-L-M
Cable Loss +Connectors dB 0.00 3.00 O
TX Antenna Gain dBi 0.00 18.00 P
Peak EIRP W 0.63 562.11
(EIRP =ERP +2dB) dBm 28.00 57.50 Q=N-O+P
* Z=77.2 +20*log(freq[MHz])
LINK-BALANCE EVALUATION UL DL
Theoretic Isotropic Path Loss dB 152.00 152.50 R=Q-G
Isotropic Path Loss to be considered dB 152.00 UL Limited Min (UL,DL)
Path Loss unbalancement dB 0.50 Abs (UL-DL)
TX RF Max Output Power to be used dBm 30.00 44.20
BT99 - AFE with combiner bypass (equiv. to
1 2
3
4
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Power Budget
Conclusions
coverage thresholds
Cell radius
Cell area
function (location probability)
From power budget calculations
function (morphological area)
Okumura-Hata
function (morphological area)
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Full coverage of an area can never
be guaranteed!
Cell Size
Location Probability
Outages
due to coverage gaps P
no_cov
due to interferences P
if
90% of
the area
Slow fading margin
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Cell Size
Building Penetration Loss
Dominance
area
Service area
Coverage area
6dB hysteresis
margin
coverage limit
cell coverage range
cell service range
dominance range
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Three hexagons
Three cells
Cell Size
Hexagons vs. Cells
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Cell Size
Enhancement
power
antennas
Traffic (2)
Trunking (3)
Erlang (3)
Blocking depends on
number of available resources
traffic statistical distribution
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
time
CH 1
CH 2
CH 3
CH 4
CH ...
CH 5
CH n-2
CH n-1
CH n
Offered new
traffic
Trunking
Trunking Effect
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Erlang
Definition
2 formulas
Erlang B: for systems that
support no queuing
Erlang C: for systems that
support queuing
Seconds 3600
) ( ) (
Erlangs
time on conversati average hour per calls
x
Erlang B
no queuing:
blocked calls are
dropped
depends on
call lengths &
statistical
distribution of
calls
applicable in
mobile systems
(e.g. air
interface)
Erlang C
queuing
applicable in
trunking
systems
1
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EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Blo c kin g Pro b a b ilit y Blo c kin g Pro b a b ilit y
Ch a n n e ls 1 % 2 % 3 % 5 % Ch a n n e ls 1 % 2 % 3 % 5 %
1 0 , 0 1 0 , 0 2 0 , 0 3 0 , 0 5 2 1 1 2 , 8 0 1 4 , 0 0 1 4 , 9 0 1 6 , 2 0
2 0 , 1 5 0 , 2 2 0 , 2 8 0 , 3 8 2 2 1 3 , 7 0 1 4 , 9 0 1 5 , 8 0 1 7 , 1 0
3 0 , 4 6 0 , 6 0 0 , 7 2 0 , 9 0 2 3 1 4 , 5 0 1 5 , 8 0 1 6 , 7 0 1 8 , 1 0
4 0 , 8 7 1 , 0 9 1 , 2 6 1 , 5 2 2 4 1 5 , 3 0 1 6 , 6 0 1 7 , 6 0 1 9 , 0 0
5 1 , 3 6 1 , 6 6 1 , 8 8 2 , 2 2 2 5 1 6 , 1 0 1 7 , 5 0 1 8 , 5 0 2 0 , 0 0
6 1 , 9 1 2 , 2 8 2 , 5 4 2 , 9 6 2 6 1 7 , 0 0 1 8 , 4 0 1 9 , 4 0 2 0 , 9 0
7 2 , 5 0 2 , 9 5 3 , 2 5 3 , 7 5 2 7 1 7 , 8 0 1 9 , 3 0 2 0 , 3 0 2 1 , 9 0
8 3 , 1 3 3 , 6 3 3 , 9 9 4 , 5 4 2 8 1 8 , 6 0 2 0 , 2 0 2 1 , 2 0 2 2 , 9 0
9 3 , 7 8 4 , 3 4 4 , 7 5 5 , 3 7 2 9 1 9 , 5 0 2 1 , 0 0 2 2 , 1 0 2 3 , 8 0
1 0 4 , 4 6 5 , 0 8 5 , 5 3 6 , 2 2 3 0 2 0 , 3 0 2 1 , 9 0 2 3 , 1 0 2 4 , 8 0
1 1 5 , 1 6 5 , 8 4 6 , 3 3 7 , 0 8 3 1 2 1 , 2 0 2 2 , 8 0 2 4 , 0 0 2 5 , 8 0
1 2 5 , 8 8 6 , 6 1 7 , 1 4 7 , 9 5 3 2 2 2 , 0 0 2 3 , 7 0 2 4 , 9 0 2 6 , 7 0
1 3 6 , 6 1 7 , 4 0 7 , 9 7 8 , 8 3 3 3 2 2 , 9 0 2 4 , 6 0 2 5 , 8 0 2 7 , 7 0
1 4 7 , 3 5 8 , 2 0 8 , 8 0 9 , 7 3 3 4 2 3 , 8 0 2 5 , 5 0 2 6 , 8 0 2 8 , 7 0
1 5 8 , 1 1 9 , 0 1 9 , 6 5 1 0 , 6 0 3 5 2 4 , 6 0 2 6 , 4 0 2 7 , 7 0 2 9 , 7 0
1 6 8 , 8 8 9 , 8 3 1 0 , 5 0 1 1 , 5 0 3 6 2 5 , 5 0 2 7 , 3 0 2 8 , 6 0 3 0 , 7 0
1 7 9 , 6 5 1 0 , 7 0 1 1 , 4 0 1 2 , 5 0 3 7 2 6 , 4 0 2 8 , 3 0 2 9 , 6 0 3 1 , 6 0
1 8 1 0 , 4 0 1 1 , 5 0 1 2 , 2 0 1 3 , 4 0 3 8 2 7 , 3 0 2 9 , 2 0 3 0 , 5 0 3 2 , 6 0
1 9 1 1 , 2 0 1 2 , 3 0 1 3 , 1 0 1 4 , 3 0 3 9 2 8 , 1 0 3 0 , 1 0 3 1 , 5 0 3 3 , 6 0
2 0 1 2 , 0 0 1 3 , 2 0 1 4 , 0 0 1 5 , 2 0 4 0 2 9 , 0 0 3 1 , 0 0 3 2 , 4 0 3 4 , 6 0
Erlang
Erlang B Table
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Cell Capacity
Traffic
2 basic configurations
combined
non-combined
Combined configuration
0
7
ts0=bcch/sdcch/4/pch/agch
Non-combined configuration
0 7
ts0=bcch/pch/agch
ts1=sdcch/8
EXPLAIN v3.0 - Nokia 2001 DVassena
4. Network Dimensioning
4. Network Dimensioning
Cell Capacity
SDCCH Dimensioning