Research Methodology

Introduction

Research
The word research is composed of two syllables, re and search. re is a prefix meaning again, anew or over again. search is a verb meaning to examine closely and carefully, to test and try, or to probe.

 Research

refers to search for knowledge and art of scientific investigation. Research means describing a careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles. Research is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally applicable. Research is an original contribution to

Research

 Controlled-

The concept of control implies that, in exploring causality in relation to two variables (factors), you set up your study in a way that minimizes the effects of other factors affecting the relationship. Rigorous - you must be careful in ensuring that the procedures followed to find answers to questions are relevant, appropriate and justified. Systematic- this implies that the

CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH:

 Valid

and verifiable- this concept implies that whatever you conclude on the basis of your findings is correct and can be verified by you and others. Empirical -this means that any conclusion drawn are based upon hard evidence gathered from information collected from real life experiences or observations.
Critical-

critical study of the

Types of research
Descriptive Analytical Applied Fundamental Quantitative Qualitative Conceptual Empirical

Descriptive
This

research includes surveys and fact finding enquiries of different kind. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, where, when and how. Descriptive research is to identify the cause of something that is happening. For instance, this research could be used in order to find out what age

Analytical
In

this research the researcher has to use facts or information already available and analyze these to make a critical evaluation of the material.

Applied Research
Applied

research aims at finding the solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial organization. the research conducted to solve specific problems or to answer specific questions. Refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical problems. Applied research is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure illness, and develop innovative technologies. For example: What drug can be

Fundamental
This

research is mainly concerned with generalizations and formulation of a theory. fundamental research (sometimes pure research) is research carried out to increase understanding of fundamental principles. Gathering knowledge for knowledge's sake is termed pure or basic research. it is the basis for many commercial products and applied research. Examples: research relating to some natural phenomenon or related to pure mathematics or

Quantitative
This

is based on measurement of quantity or amount. Quantitative research is generally made using scientific methods, which can include: The generation of models, theories and hypothesis The development of instruments and methods for measurement Experimental control and manipulation of variables Collection of empirical data Modeling and analysis of

Qualitative
Qualitative

research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon i.e.. Phenomenon related to quality. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Qualitative research is used to gain

Empirical
It

relies on experience or observation alone. It is data based research, coming up with conclusions which are capable of being verified by observation or experiment. Empirical research that bases its findings on direct or indirect observation as its test of reality.

Conceptual
This

research is related to some abstract ideas or theory. It is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones.

Significance of research
It

provides the basis for all government policies in our economic system. In solving various operational and planning problems. Operation research Market research Motivational research It is important for social scientists in studying social relationships and in seeking answer to various social

 Helps

PhD students for making their career. For professionals it may a source of livelihood etc.

You are the research team of a flourishing shampoo brand in metros. Your manager wants to extend it to rural areas. He has 2 alternatives: i) Launch line extensions of current shampoo brand (a variant with the same brand name) ii) Re-position your brand

Role Play for Research Team