You get the best out of others when you give the best of yourself.

- Harvey Firestone

Fate of Coalition government at Center

Presentation
Diptendu Basu PRN-001 Kailas Awhad PRN-002 Rajeswari Jena PRN-003 Varsha Raykar PRN-004 Ex MBA-2012-14

Contents
Coalition Background Understanding the Indian Political spectrum
Shift from Single party rule to coalition politics Lack of Differentiation in policies and Ideologies UPA , NDA , LEFT Front , Regional coalitions

Understanding Coalition Era.

Compulsions of coalition
Fractured mandate Coalition is here to stay Common minimum program Balancing Regional & National issues & priorities

Key Challenges deciding the Fate of Coalition

Challenge of Co-ordination & Collective responsibility Managing differences on Key Policy matters Party agenda & Regional Asmita overpowering National Agenda Multiple Power centers - Policy Paralysis Tarnished image Due to Inflation , Corruption charges Growing Dissent amongst various sections of society

Comments on FATE OF UPA Coalition at center

Coalition- Background
Coalition Politics is a time tested thing in Modern Democracy. The concept of Coalition Politics draws its roots from the times when warring states sometimes used to ally with each other in order to defeat of a common enemy one example being The Battle of The Red Cliffs (208/9 CE).

First instance of a Coalition Government was found to be the Delian League which existed around 431 B.C. (Courtesy: Yahoo! Answers)
A coalition government, in a parliamentary system, is a government composed of a coalition of parties. A coalition of parties is also an electoral fusion. The Cambridge Dictionary defines coalition as: the union of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose, usually for a limited time. India got a taste of Coalition Politics at the state level when the Left front comprising of Communist Party of India (CPI), CPI (Marxist) and others formed first ever Coalition Govt in West Bengal with Mr. Jyoti Basu as the Chief Minister (succeeded by Mr. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee) which lasted from more than 3 Decades- ( defeated by Congress + TMC combine in 2009 )

Post Emergency , the Jay Prakash Narayan led Movement defeated the invincible congress party First National coalition government was formed under the Prime Minister ship of Late Shri Morarji Desai which existed from 24th March 1977 to 15th July 1979 headed by now an insignificant Janata Party
Since 1996 Indian Politics has been dominated with Coalition Governments which by far have been stable after a shaky start. The incumbent Prime Minister of India Dr. Manmohan Singh is heading a coalition Government of 15 parties called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) with Mrs. Sonia Gandhi, being its Chairperson which has been elected for a second term in Office

Coalition- Need and Approach

Individual Party
Share Power with like minded Parties. Increase the support base by Govt Welfare schemes Avoid Division of Votes during elections Achieve Agenda in spite of limited strength Influence the decisions of central Government. Balance Role in Regional and National Political Arena

Coalition
Modeling Inclusive Behavior for emulation. Establishing long lasting relationship & trust Developing awareness of Coalition Culture Dharma. Higher Connect & Engagement amongst Support base

Coalition- History in India

Indias shaky start to Coalition Politics:
Coalition Politics Started taking its roots in India during the 1990s.
Post 1970s emergency period emergence of Janata Party weakening of Indian National Congress, once undefeatable Political Party in India

Breaking up of the National Parties leading resurgence of Regional Parties dominating the state-level politics. 1996-1999 4 Coalition Governments. - Era of instability
NDA Govt Headed by Atal Bihar Vajpayee 1996 fell after being just 13 days old. Third Front Govt headed by Mr. H. D. Deve Gowda. June1996 to April 1997. Third Front Govt headed by Mr. I. K. Gujral. April 1997 mid-term elections were called after Third Front governments failed twice.

Formation of NDA National Democratic Alliance headed by the BJP, Shri A.B. Vajpayee was sworn in as the Prime Minister. Towards the end of 1998 however, the AIADMK withdrew its support from the 13-month old government.

Coalition- Maturing in India

India finally harnesses the coalition horse:
After 4 failed Coalition Governments and 2 mid-term elections, on October 13, 1999, NDA alliance led by Shri A. B. Vajpayee won 303 / 543 seats in Lok Sabha, securing a comfortable, stable majority. First Coalition Government to complete its full term of 5 years the only non-Congress government to do so. The National Democratic Alliance was widely expected to retain power after the 2004 general election. The parliament had been dissolved before the completion of term in order to capitalize on the economic boom and improved security and cultural atmosphere. However, the coalition sidestepped controversial and ideological questions in favors of bread-and-butter economic issues during the campaign and subsequently lost almost half its seats, with several prominent cabinet ministers being defeated. The Indian National Congress, led by Mrs. Sonia Gandhi became the single largest party and, along with many minor parties, formed the United Progressive Alliance. With the conditional support of the leftist parties from the outside, the UPA formed a government under Dr Manmohan Singh. The alliance completed a full term and remained in power after the 15th General Elections in May 2009. Although the left now longer supports the UPA but with new allies it has been able to extend its lead in the Lok Sabha.

India now looks forward to a stable future of Coalition Governments as single-party majority seem to be a thing of the past now.

Current Coalition at Center in India

United Progressive Alliance(UPA)
coalition of center-left political parties in India. It was formed after the General Election in 2004. At the time of its formation in 2004, it was led by the Indian National Congress (INC). The chairperson of the UPA is Sonia Gandhi. As of 2012, UPA heads the government of India. The coalition is led by the INC, which is the single largest political party in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the parliament of India). The Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh, and the Council of Ministers are drawn from members of the UPA.
current members for Lok-Sabha 2009 Indian National Congress 206 Seats All India Trinamool Congress - 19 Seats Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam - 18 Seats Nationalist Congress Party 9 Seats Rashtriya Lok Dal 5 Seats J& K National Conference 3 Seats Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2 Seats Indian Union Muslim League - 2 Seats All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen - 1 Seats Kerala Congress (Mani) 1 Seats Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi - 1 Seats

Supporting parties for Lok-Sabha 2009 Samajwadi Party 23 Seat Bahujan Samaj Party 21 Seats Rashtriya Janata Dal 4 Seats Janata Dal (Secular) 3 Seats Nagaland People's Front 1 Seats Bodoland People's Front 1 Seats Swabhimani Paksha 1 Seats Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi 1 Seats All India United Democratic Front - 1 Seats Sikkim Democratic Front 1 Seats

UPA constituents and Loksabha seats

Challenges Faced by current UPA Government Dwindling Support & reduced popularity
Credibility of Leadership tarnished due to smear campaign by
Opposition led by BJP
Corruption Charges CAG Reports.
CWG Games SCAM , 2G Spectrum Report , Coal Block Allocation Report

Slow Down in Growth & Rupee Devaluation. S & P Down Grading

Growing Inflation & Fuel Prices.

Hostile Postures by Allies & supporters

Mamata Banerji the ever Disgruntled partner
DMK and NCP posturing in Dissenting styles SP & BSP playing cards as per convenience

Policy Paralysis UPA Government

Liberalization & Disinvestment
FDI in Multi brand Retail , Insurance Sector etc Sector Reforms : Nuclear Energy initiatives Stalled

Manrega Lobe sided Allocation of Funds to states

Foreign policy Distribution of Water with Bangladesh Lokpal Controversy :
The Hoax of Federalism created by BJP and its Allies Unable to pass the bill in Rajyasabha

Distribution of Natural Resources perceptional issues

2G Spectrum Coal Block Allocation

Increased Transgression of Courts and Constitutional bodies like CAG in

Day to Day Functioning and Policy making Role of the Executive, leading to delayed decision making and Bureaucracy

Allies shy of pulling trigger, help UPA government survive reform storm
Source Times of India 16th September
KOLKATA/LUCKNOW/NEW DELHI: In what can be a potential lifeline for the UPA, the SP and the BSP indicated on Saturday that they were in no mood to pull the trigger on the government for its decision to allow FDI in multi-brand retail, despite their professed anger over the reform decisions and protests plans.

Talking to reporters in Lucknow, UP chief minister Akhilesh Yadav said that he would not let the big foreign retailers set up shops in UP & his party joined the plan by other non-Congress outfits to organize a countrywide shutdown to protest against the FDI in retail. Significantly, he reiterated SP's objective to keep communal forces at bay: the political alibi that SP has used to bail the UPA government repeatedly out of tricky situations despite their contradictions. BSP leader Mayawati also referred to the "secular" logic as she came up with a staggered deadline when reporters asked if she planned to review her support to the UPA government. "We have extended issue-based support to the UPA to stop communal forces from coming to power, but we do not favor anti-people decisions like the hike in the prices of diesel and LPG and FDI in retail. We demand revocation of these decisions. If UPA fails to do it, we will take the final decision on extending support after our rally on October 9". The seemingly open-ended response notwithstanding, observers felt that the long window given by her will work to the advantage of UPA's crisis managers, who have time and again proven their ability to bring SP and BSP around just after they appeared to have drifted away.

Allies shy of pulling trigger, help UPA government survive reform storm
Source Times of India 16th September

With a combined tally of 43 seats, the two UP players can be an effective buffer against any drastic action by Banerji. However, there were indications that Trianmool was yet to take a final decision on withdrawing its support to the UPA government. West Bengal CM stayed away from the IIT-Kharagpur's convocation and took to streets at the head of a huge procession which again pointed to her undiminished crowd-pulling ability. "We don't want to topple the government. At the same time there is a ground rule in coalition politics and one should not cross the Lakshmanrekha," she said.

Trinamool sources said that Banerjee was yet not decided on ending her support to UPA, and may not go beyond pulling out her ministers from the government in case she feels that her political inaction over the reform measures could work to the advantage of CPM. Her need for a financial package for West Bengal is another reason why she might like to calibrate her response to the provocations from the Centre.

With Congress on the cusp of a political breakthrough, its spokesperson Chacko said the resistance from allies posed no crisis to the government. Ruling out a rollback of the reforms measures, he said that Congress president Sonia Gandhi has expressed full support to government's decision on FDI in multi-brand retail. "The Prime Minister has full support of the party on the issue," he added

Coalition- Future
Future of Indian Coalition Politics:
Both Experts and Political Parties agree that the era of Coalition Politics has just begun and its here to stay. At the time when regional political parties are assuming significance and the days of single party rule are over, there is no escape from coalition politics." says Mr. Sharad Pawar, Union Agriculture Minister and President of the Nationalist Congress Party. Experts say that Coalition Politics is result of rise of Regional Parties on agendas of National Importance. Growing importance of Regional Parties due to their success in articulating the interests of the assertive backward castes and Dalits or untouchables. These parties remain regional in terms of geographic location, but are national in terms of issues relevant to the country as a whole. Their role within the national coalition is also indicative of a more competitive and polarized party system.

Conclusion
The continuity of coalition governments (first under the NDA and later UPA) confirms the decline of one party rule and rise of regional and smaller parties, The shift from majoritarian political culture, based on the dominance of a single party led by a charismatic leader over a cluster of smaller parties , has been a steady Process over 3 Decades. Authoritarian Styles , Ignorance to the Regional Aspirations , Lack of decentralization and Non - Participative leader ship styles have led to splitting of Political parties and Emergence of Regional Parties. The Psyche of the Indian Voter has been to equally weight the Regional issues and Local issues , which is evident from Voting patterns Both the Coalitions have faced the problem of internal disputes due to clustering of parties having differing manifestos. For the sustenance of a stable future of Coalition Politics, the parties must keep their Common Minimum Program ahead of their own ideologies. Probity in Public Life , Bold political reforms , steps to Clean the Rampant corrupt practices and Emergence of Next Generation Leader ship reflecting the Modern values of Growth , Equality and Meritocracy will decide the fate of Coalition & more importantly how it shapes the Destiny of India by 2050

Thank you