Naming Compounds, cations and anions

Elements and symbols that you should know:

Part 1 The obvious ones:
1) Hydrogen 2) Helium 3) Lithium 4) Beryllium H He Li Be 8) Oxygen 9) Fluorine 10)Neon 11) Magnesium O F Ne Mg

5) Boron
6) Carbon 7) Nitrogen

B
C N

12)Aluminium
13)Silicon 14)Phosphorus

Al
Si P

Some more obvious ones:

15)Sulphur 16)Chlorine S Cl 18) Calcium 19) Zinc Ca Zn

17)Argon

Ar

The less obvious ones:

1) Sodium 2) Potassium Na K 6) Tin 7) Gold Sn Au

3) Iron
4) Copper 5) Silver

Fe
Cu Ag

8) Mercury
9) Lead

Hg
Pb

Polyatomic ions (-1 charge)

H2PO4 C2H3O2 HSO3 HCO3 NO2 NO3 CN OH MnO4 ClO ClO2 ClO3 ClO4 DiHydrogen phosphate Acetate Hydrogen Sulfite Hydrogen Carbonate Nitrite Nitrate Cyanide Hydroxide Permanganate Hypochlorite Chlorite Chlorate Perchlorate

Polyatomic ions (-2 charge)

HPO4 C2O4 SO3 SO4 CO3 CrO4 Cr2O7 SiO3 Hydrogen Phosphate Oxalate Sulfite Sulfate Carbonate Chromate Dichromate Silicate

Polyatomic ions (-3 charge)

PO3 PO4 Phosphite Phosphate

Rule 1 If two identical elements combine then the name doesnt change This happens with the following elements: 1) H2 2) N2 3) O2 These elements always go around in pairs (diatomic molecules). For example, hydrogen looks like this:

4) F2
5) Cl2 6) Br2

Rule 2 When two elements join and one is a halogen, oxygen or sulphur the name ends with ____ide e.g. Magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide

1) Sodium + chlorine 2) Magnesium + fluorine

6) KBr 7) LiCl

3) Lithium + iodine
4) Chlorine + copper 5) Oxygen + iron

8) CaO
9) MgS 10)KF

Rule 3 When three or more elements combine and two of them are hydrogen and oxygen the name ends with hydroxide e.g. Sodium + hydrogen + oxygen Sodium hydroxide

1) Potassium + hydrogen + oxygen 2) Lithium + hydrogen + oxygen 3) Calcium + hydrogen + oxygen 4) Mg(OH)2

Rule 4 When three or more elements combine and one of them is oxygen the ending is _____ate e.g. Copper + sulphur + oxygen Copper sulphate

1) Calcium + carbon + oxygen 2) Potassium + carbon + oxygen

6) AgNO3 7) H2SO4

3) Calcium + sulphur + oxygen

4) Magnesium + chlorine + oxygen 5) Calcium + oxygen + nitrogen

8) K2CO3

Covalent formulae H2O Water

NaCl CaCl2 MgO HCl

Ionic formulae
Sodium chloride Calcium chloride Magnesium oxide Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Calcium carbonate Aluminium oxide Iron oxide

CO2
NH3 H2 O2 N2 SO2

Carbon dioxide
Ammonia Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur dioxide

H2SO4 HNO3 NaOH Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 Al2O3 Fe2O3

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