dynamics

teaching

Using Modern tools

Adult Learning

Task Oriented
Individual Learning
Teaching Methods

Group Learning

Objectives of the Session

Why study teaching Methods ? Who select teaching Methods ? What are Teaching Methods ? How T Methods Selected ?

1 Why Study Teaching Methods?

Methods used to achieve performance objectives of the contents of a Curriculum . It is important to know which method may help students to acquire desired skills, knowledge and attitudes

2 Who Select Teaching Methods?

Teachers apply

Teachers

How applied ? Motivation Liking Efficient Meet Objectives

3 What are Training Methods?

Lecture Discussions Demonstrations Practical Exercises Projects Role Play Business Games Ice-Breakers Case Studies On the Job Learning Work Site Visits Computer Assisted

3 What are Teaching Methods?

Methods

Procedures Techniques Processes

Class Room

Untrained teacher

Trained Teacher

4 How are T Methods Selected?

Analyzing components of Curriculum

Identifying characteristics of methods

Comparing curriculum with Methods

Analysing Contents of Curriculum

Learning Principles
Learning Objectives Students Teachers Constraints

Analysing Curriculums Components

Learning Principles
Learning is different for individuals Motivation is Essential to learning Learning should be relevant to students' understanding Feedback

Learning---Retention of information

Words

10%

Words & Pictures Words, Picture & Practice

50%

90%

-study by UNESCO

Learning---Retention of information

Tell me and I

forget

Show me and I may

Remember.

Involve me and I will

Understand
- UNESCO

Specify Objectives
Selection of appropriate teaching methods depends on clearly defined objectives .

With objectives identified, it is possible to define the methods or combination of methods , appropriate for each objective

Describing Students

If teaching methods are to be used effectively,there must be a match between the characteristics of students and the content of Learning material and its presentation

Describing Students- characteristics

General

Specific

Describing Trainees- characteristics

General

Age Gender Education Level Aptitude to learn Cultural Factors No. of Students

Describing Trainees- characteristics

Prerequisites Skills Target Skills Study Skills Attitudes

Specific

Describing Students

Qualifications Technical Know-how

Skill Level
Attitude towards Learning Individual Initiative

Identify Constraints

Budget Availability Facilities Availability Time Available

Identifying Characteristics of Methods

Lecture Method

It is a teacher centered Activity where students listen to and watch the teacher present a lesson

One way Notes taken by students Serves Large Number Less Costly Little interaction Little Retention Dont Promote individual learning No Problem Solving Skills No Opportunity to Manipulate, tools, machines or materials

Making Lecture Method Attractive

Best Summary Cross Word Puzzle Questions Cards Rapid Reflection Short Quiz Shouting Match -ve, +Ve & Neutral Panel Discussion True or False Fill in the Blanks Turn to your Neighbor Four Questions-flip Chart

Discussion Method

Takes more time Effective with small groups Improves Communication Skills

The teacher direct students discussions of topics. Students Discuss & sometimes initiate their Questions to the teacher

Actively involve students Good Learning

Demonstration Method

Requires Skilled Teachers Requires equipments. May be a Workshop, Lab It is another teacher centered Method where students get a chance to watch certain manual skills. Teacher shows students how to use a tool, machine or process No Interaction of students with tools.

Practical Exercises
Promote interest & Enthusiasm Opportunity to work with tools, machines Repetition may kill enthusiasm May require tools, machines, materials.

It gives students a chance to practice certain observable skills. Students are guided by the teacher.

Job or assignment sheets give students specific instructions

Ice-Breakers
Promote interest & Enthusiasm Kill Monotony Participation Refreshing
An opening remark, action designed To ease tension or relieve formality..

Learning

A mild joke could be a good ice Breaker

Business Games
Problem Solving Participative Team Building Decision Making Time Constraints Technique in which participants, grouped into teams, consider a sequence of problems and organize themselves to make decisions

Projects

Individual or Group projects Promote team work

Promote Communication Projects are student centered. Students collect data, design the Project and actually produce a Finished product may be under the guidance of teacher
May be Costly May require equipments Cant be applied to Large No

Case Studies

Examine Real Situation Builds skills in Communication Problem solving Creativity Method is Costly Time Consuming Sometimes no solutions

It involve students in solution of a problem. Usually working in small groups, students study a Problem described in a case.

On the Job Training

Costly Supervisors loose interest

Used to develop job skills and Supplement class room training Teacher centered & students get Opportunity to feel real job Environment for learning

Hard to schedule Priorities may be different

Good Learning Environment

Work Site Visits

Check list to observe Trainers observe learning Visitations to work sites offer students a good chance to see the application of skills and knowledge in real situations

Costly
Time Consuming Observing Large Group

Role Play or Simulation

Practice Involvement Interpersonal Skill Time Consuming It is teaching technique where students assume an identity other than their own, to cope with the real or hypothetical problem in human relations and other ares Can Fail too

Computer Assisted Online

Teacher Validate Learning Useful

Time Consuming
Updating Processors Students direct their own learning with the computer assisted method Skilled Trainers