Electrical energy to energy conversion

mechanical

Classification of motors
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Types of motors
DC motors:-1.Self-excited dc motor
2.Separately-excited dc motor 3. stepper motor 4.switched reluctance dc motor 5.Permanent magnet motor

Universal motor(ac &dc) AC motors:-1.Synchronus motor

2.Induction motor 3.shaded pole motor

DC MOTOR
Self excited dc motor
DC shunt motor:Since the field winding is placed in parallel with armature, it is called a shunt winding and the motor is called a shunt motor. Dc series motor:The series motor provides high starting torque and is able to move very large shaft loads when it is first energized.

DC compound motor 1.Short shunt motor 2.Long shunt motor

Separately excited dc motor This type of DC motor is constructed such that the field is not connected to the armature.

Stepper motor

Stepper motors can be rotated to a specific angle in discrete steps with ease, and hence stepper motors are used for read/write head positioning in computer. Stepper motors were and still are often used in computer printers, optical scanners, and digital photocopiers

Switched reluctance motors

The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has no brushes or permanent magnets, and the rotor has no electric currents. Instead, torque comes from a slight mis-alignment of poles on the rotor with poles on the stator. The rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field of the stator, while the stator field stator windings are sequentially energized to rotate the stator field. As the rotor turns, different windings will be energized, keeping the rotor turning.

6/4 Pole Switched reluctance motor

AC MOTORS Induction motor

When a 3-phase ac supply is given to the stator then rotating air gap flux will be produced and that rotating flux will cut the stationary rotor conductors.So emf is induced in the rotor, consequently current will be produced.This current interacts with the rotating flux to develop the torque and now rotor begins to rotate.

Universal motors

A series-wound motor is referred to as a universal motor when it has been designed to operate on either AC or DC power. It can operate well on AC because the current in both the field and the armature (and hence the resultant magnetic fields) will alternate (reverse polarity) in synchronism, and hence the resulting mechanical force will occur in a constant direction of rotation. An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be used on motors which have some characteristics more common in DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact design if high running speeds are used

Synchronus motor

Synchronus motor is a doubly excited machine. It works on the principle that when an ac supply is given to the armature winding,then an ac current will flow in the winding.With the excitatation of field winding by dc,it produces magnetic field which interacts with armature current to develop a torque to rotate the rotor of the motor.

Shaded-pole motor

A shaded-pole motor is a type of AC single-phase induction motor. It is basically a small squirrel cage motor in which the auxiliary winding is composed of a copper ring surrounding a portion of each pole.This auxiliary winding is called a shading coil. Currents in this coil delay the phase of magnetic flux for that pole (a shaded pole) enough to provide a rotating magnetic field.The direction of rotation is from the unshaded side to the shaded (ring) side of the pole. The effect produces only a low starting torque compared to other classes of single-phase motors.

Permanentmagnet motors
A permanent-magnet motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame, instead relying on permanent magnets to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque. Compensating windings in series with the armature may be used on large motors to improve commutation under load. Because this field is fixed, it cannot be adjusted for speed control. Permanent-magnet fields (stators) are convenient in miniature motors to eliminate the power consumption of the field winding.

conclusion

From above description we have familiar with the different types of motors and we conclude that all the motors have their specific features which are used in different field of applications.for example DC series motor are used to drive the locomotive as a traction motor,single phase induction motor is used for domestic purpose for pumping and fan,dc separately excited motor is used in crane or hoist load etc.

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