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University of Kansas | School of Engineering

Similarities and Differences between LTE, UMB & WiMax

Presented By: Brandt Elster

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

University of Kansas | School of Engineering

Outline
WiMax News Definitions Background & History Motivations and Objectives Deterrents Services and QoS Network Architecture Physical Layer & MAC Protocols Comparison of the Technologies Future of the Technology
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WiMax News Today


Today there was a large announcement regarding the future of mobile WiMax Since Dan Hesse became the new Sprint CEO there were doubts he would continue

Sprints future in their WiMax venture named XOHM.


Immediately upon becoming CEO he terminated an existing agreement to work along side Clearwire and collaborate on separate WiMax networks that were able to roam on each others to increase coverage

Today Sprint and Clearwire put out a joint press release stating they had formed a joint venture that would be named Clearwire to build one WiMax network. This new company has received investments from the following companies: Google, Intel, Comcast, Time Warner Cable, and Bright House networks
These companies have combined together for a total investment of $3.2 billion They will receive an estimated 22% ownership of the company Sprint will maintain the largest share at 51% and Clearwire will control 27% The deal is estimated to be worth a total of $14.5 billion
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Definitions - LTE
Long Term Evolution is more commonly referred to as LTE LTE is the 4th generation network that was designed through the Third Generation

Partnership Project (3GPP).


It is an all IP network Its primary goals were to improve efficiency, lower infrastructure costs, create a higher QoS, all while making use of new spectrum opportunities, and better integrating with other open standards Predominantly created by Ericsson, Nortel and Nokia-Siemens Should result in release 8 of the UMTS standard

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Definitions - UMB
Ultra Mobile Broadband is commonly referred to as UMB UMB is the 4th Generation wireless broadband access network developed through the CDMA

Development Group (CDG)


It is an all IP network It was designed from the ground up to provide the type of access required in the modern mobile world, with great flexibility and interoperability Standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Proprietary technology developed by Qualcomm

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Definitions - WiMax
Mobile WiMax is short for Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access There is actually a difference between mobile WiMax and fixed WiMax

Today we are only going to talk about the mobile version of WiMax
WiMax is the 4th Generation wireless broadband access network developed by the IEEE It is the 802.16e or upcoming 802.16m standards It is an all IP network Many hardware manufacturers are already supporting WiMax due to its open standards. Some of the larger ones include Samsung, Motorola and Intel.

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Background & History


Analogy for the differences between TDMA, FDMA, SDMA, CDMA Take a large room with a decent number of people in it. There are multiple different

conversations going on throughout the room.


TDMA Everyone in the room would take turns speaking. Each group of people would be assigned a specific time slot. FDMA Each group in the room would speak at a different pitch (frequency) far enough apart that they can be differentiated. SDMA Each groups speaker would talk in a specific direction, only people in front of them would be able to hear. If the room is big enough you could have multiple people speaking in the same direction as long as they were far enough apart. CDMA Each group would be assigned a specific language to communicate with. They would be able to easily discern their specific language and all others would be small and ignorable background noise.

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Background & History


OFDMA Basically an enhanced version of FDMA

Allows for the elimination of guard bands by using orthogonal signals.


Signals are considered to be orthogonal if their dot products are equal to 0 Signals are able to overlap without causing interference to the other

Signals are modulated and demodulated using the Fast Fourier Transform SC-OFDM This is a single carrier equivalent of OFDMA Each transmission is given only one carrier
This allows the peak-to-average power to be lower thus increasing the capable average power of the power amplifier This is helpful because the user terminal is generally battery powered and this includes both battery life and range
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Background & History - LTE


Part of the 3GPP standard Essentially it is HSPA rev 8
It was given the name Long Term Evolution by the 3GPP
The name follows their generally naming scheme. They try to make their name represent their monopoly over the wireless arena GSM stands for Global Standard for Mobile & UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telephone Standard

Originally started as GSM


Capable of virtually no data communications Pioneered the first short messaging service (SMS)

Supports handoffs with all UMTS and GSM networks


There is discussion to build in the ability to support handoffs with CDMA networks

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Background & History - LTE


GSM was the 2G technology that both GPRS and EDGE are based on GPRS was the first step
Stands for General Packet Radio Service It is considered to be a 2.5G Capable of speeds from 56 up to 114 kbit/s Supports a very robust voice channel and low bandwidth data options. Main data use was text internet & downloading of reduced size pictures and music

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Background & History - LTE


EDGE was the next step Stands for Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution

It is considered to be a 2.75G
Capable of speeds from 1 Mbit/s Reduced latency to 100 ms However just like GPRS, the main data use was text internet & downloading of reduced size pictures and music

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Background & History - LTE


Following EDGE came UMTS Stands for Universal Mobile Telephone Standard

UMTS was the first truly 3G technology to come from 3GPP


UMTS is a completely different technology than GSM.
It required a completely new network be built over the top of any existing networks

UMTS uses W-CDMA instead of the TMDA that powered GSM


The primary difference between W-CDMA and CDMA2000 is that W-CDMA uses 5 MHz blocks of
spectrum and CDMA2000 uses only 1.25 MHz blocks, hence where the wide came from

The first revision of UMTS was capable of speeds up to 2 MB/s

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Background & History - LTE


HSPA was the final step for W-CDMA HSPA stands for High Speed Packet Access

There are three different enhancements to HSPA, HSDPA, HSUPA and HSOPA
HSDPA stands for High Speed Downlink Packet Access It predominantly increases the download speed of the network. HSUPA stands for High Speed Uplink Packet Access It predominantly increases the upload speed of the network HSOPA stands for High Speed OFDM Packet Access This technology replaces the entire infrastructure of UMTS and replaces it with a new OFDM infrastructure It is a separate technology from LTE but is part of the overall picture. Most likely it will never be implemented but its technologies will be morphed into LTE

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Background & History - LTE


Table of different UMTS Technologies and their specifications:

Technology UMTS HSDPA HSUPA HSOPA LTE

Release Data 2000 2000 2005 2009 2010

Downlink Speed 384 kb.s 7.2 Mb/s 7.2 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s

Uplink Speed 128 kb/s 384 kb/s 5.76 Mb/s 50 Mb/s 50 Mb/s

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Background & History - UMB


Part of the CDMA 2000 standard First named EV-DO rev C
Renamed to Ultra Mobile Broadband by the CDMA Development Group (CDG)

Originally started as cdmaOne


A 2G Qualcomm technology Capable of virtually no data communications

Will be capable of call handoffs with all legacy CDMA2000 networks

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Background & History - UMB


cdmaOne was the 2G technology that both 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO, and 1xEV-DV are based on 1xRTT was the first step
It is considered to be a 2.5G Capable of speeds up to 144 kbit/s Also referred to as just 1x Supports a very robust voice channel and low bandwidth data options. Main data use was text internet & downloading of reduced size pictures and music

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Background & History - UMB


The next step was 1xEV-DO (Evolution Data Only) Later renamed Evolution Data Optimized to remove the negative connotation

Most commonly referred to as just EVDO, or simply EV


First truly 3G technology and first real wireless broadband technology. An alternative to EVDO was 1xEV-DV (Evolution Data & Voice) The standard was not completed in time so it was ultimately passed up Theoretical speeds of 3.1 Mbit/s downlink and 1.8 Mbit/s uplink.

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Background & History - UMB


EVDO began as Rel 0. Significant speed improvements over 1x
2.4 Mbit/s downlink
153 kbps uplink

Supports the following applications

broadband Internet
MP3 music downloads 3D gaming TV broadcasts Video and audio downloads

Includes the following protocols and more


Hybrid ARQ

Incremental Redundancy Feedback in the


Downlink Downlink and Uplink Rate Controls

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Background & History - UMB


The current and most up to date standard of the CDMA2000 protocol is EVDO Rev A It is currently being deployed over Rel 0

Capable of producing speeds of 3.1 Mbit/s downlink and 1.8 Mbit/s uplink
Uses enhanced access channel MAC
Controls who sends and who receives and when

Advanced QoS support Increased spectral efficiency


1.2 times Rel 0 forward link sector capacity and 3.4 times reverse link sector capacity

Low latency, below 50 ms Supports all the services of Rel 0 but adds higher quality video and faster loading times for streaming services

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Background & History - UMB


Rev B would be the next upgrade It is likely to be skipped for Rev C in 2009 similar to how EVDV was bypassed

Speeds of up to 14.7 Mbit/s downlink


Utilizes statistical multiplexing Hybrid frequency reuse Supports OFDM Adds multi carrier support
Rev A uses 1.25 MHz carriers, most likely 3 per user would be used for Rev B, or 3.75 MHz This is unique from HSPA because the carriers do not need to be adjacent
This allows operators to combine spectrum from multiple blocks

Adds the ability to do High Definition video streaming, multiplayer online gaming, and replacement of home HSI and hotspots

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Background & History - WiMax


It evolved from the WiFi standards in an effort to create a technology that could cover a larger footprint.

Example, if WiMax is a cell phone, then WiFi would be a cordless phone.


Fixed WiMax was designed as a technology that could be used to blanket a city with mobile internet to replace building costly short range WiFi networks. Mobile WiMax took the same technology and evolved it into version that could work with devices that are no longer stationary WiMax comes from the IEEE 802 set of standards. The IEE 802 standards are a family of standards that deal with Local Area Networks (LANs) and Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) WiMax is the 802.16 standard.

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Background & History - WiMax


History of the IEEE 802 standard IEEE 802.3 is collection of IEEE standards that define the Media Access Control Layer,

Physical Layer and Data Link Layer of the wired Ethernet standard
IEEE 802.11 is Wireless LAN & Mesh a.k.a. WiFi
It is a group of standards for wireless local area networks (WLAN) These typically operate in unlicensed spectrum bands located near 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz.

Maximum range of WiFi is roughly 70m indoors using the 802.11n standard and is capable of
producing 74 Mbit/s

IEEE 802.15 is Wireless Person Area Networks (PAN)


This standard includes Bluetooth and ZigBee

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Background & History - WiMax


Brief Discussion of 802.11 Wifi Wifi is predominantly used in the 2.4 GHz range due to range limitations with the 5GHz

frequency band
It divides these frequency bands into channels that are 22 MHz wide with 5 MHz spacing in between. WiFi networks consist of two main components. The Access Points (APs) and the clients. The AP continuously broadcasts its SSID or name every 100 ms at 1 Mb/s. Sending at 1 Mb/s ensures that all users are at least capable of sending at that speed. WiFi is not capable of collision detection. It instead does collision avoidance using RTS/CTS. It also uses acknowledgements to make sure that the packet is received. Generally WiFi networks connect back to a 802.3 Ethernet connection, but they can connect 2 devices to one another (AdHoc Networks) or connect a computer directly to the internet.

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Background & History - WiMax


Brief Discussion of 802.11 Wifi

Protocol Legacy 802.11 802.11a

Release Date 1997 1999

Freq 2.4 GHz 5 GHz

Typical Thruput .9 Mb/s 23 Mb/s

Max Data Indoor Rate Range 2 Mb/s 54 Mb/s 20 m 35 m

Outdoor Range 100 m 120 m

802.11b
802.11g 802.11n

1999
2003

2.4 GHz
2.4 GHz

4.3 Mb/s
19 Mb/s 74 Mb/s

11 Mb/s
54 Mb/s 248 Mb/s

38 m
38 m 70 m

140 m
140 m 250 m

June 2009 2.4 GHz 5 GHZ

802.11y

June 2009 3.7 GHz

23 Mb/s

54 Mb/s

50 m

5 km

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Motivations - LTE
Chosen European standard likely to be used throughout the world Large companies have committed to it

Vodaphone (part owner Verizon Wireless)


AT&T High speed data throughputs 100 Mbps Downlink

50 Mbps Uplink
Cost effective compared to UMTS based technologies Backwards compatible with all UMTS/GSM technologies High QoS for a wide range of applications

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Motivations - LTE
Can be deployed within existing GSM & UMTS frequency bands along side existing networks Can use only a portion of the frequency band in the beginning and then can take more

existing spectrum as old networks are phased out.


Designed for high mobility Optimized for 0 15 km/h High performance still achievable for less than 150 km/h Will still support anything up to 500 km/h

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Motivations - UMB
Motivations for EVDO Rev C (UMB) Backwards compatible with all CDMA 2000 Networks

High speed data throughputs


280 Mbps Downlink 75 Mbps Uplink Low latency connections An average of 16 ms (32-byte, RTT) end-to-end network latency High QoS for a wide range of applications Seamless mobility

Efficient frequency re-use deployment

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Motivations - WiMax
Time to market: Has already seen a small launch in the United States Clearwire

Has seen similar deployments around the world.


Large companies have committed to it Sprint-Nextel (XOHM) SK Telecom (WiBro is a variant of WiMax and has been launched in South Korea)

There have been discussions to morph WiMax into the LTE Umbrella and make it a stepping
stone to LTE This may be a play simply to discredit WiMax and make it sound inferior The newest revision of Mobile WiMax (802.16m) is expected from the IEEE sometime this

year and should bring the theoretical speeds for a mobile application up to a level of those
expected from LTE & UMB.

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Deterrents
Long Term Evolution (LTE) Time to market: Not expected to have a widespread deployment until 2012 Components not available until late 2009
4 years behind Mobile WiMax

Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) Time to market: Components first available in late 2009 to 2010. No corporate commitments throughout world Even the majority of current CDMA carriers have chosen other platforms Mobile WiMax Speeds are not up to the level of UMB & LTE Downlink capable of 46 Mb/s (without MIMO) Less than half that of UMB & LTE
*note that 802.16m is expected to raise these figures to 100 Mb/s and should be out sometime this year and available around 2010. Note this is still 2 years before LTE is expected to widely deployed.

Not officially classified as 4G by European standards due in part to insufficient speeds Unproven, a lot is riding on the success of Sprints consumer launch (XOHM) Success could lead to more build outs worldwide turning it into a global standard
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Deterrents
All three technologies face another crucial issue. Backhaul As speed increase the need for more and more leased lines increases. Fiber alleviates some pressure but is limited in roll outs and is relatively expensive. Alternative options include but are not limited to Microwave Fixed WiFi or WiMax Dark Fiber ADSL or SHDSL PDH or SDH/SONET infrastructures
E1/T1, E3, T3, STM-1/OC-3

Cable Coaxial lines None of these options is widely available in the U.S., Especially in the mass rural parts of the county. Sprint is supposedly using Microwave to provide the backhaul to their WiMax towers where fiber is not yet available.

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Spectrum Allocations
Long Term Evolution (LTE) 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz chunks Can operate in all 3GPP frequency bands in paired and unpaired spectrum allocations Can sit in the same band as existing 3GPP networks. Allows for LTE to be phased in while older technologies are phased out. Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) 1.25 MHz up to 20 MHz Mobile WiMax Any frequency below 66 GHz Fixed channel sizes of 3.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 7 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz. Mobile channel sizes of 5 MHz, 8.75 MHz and 10 MHz.
This does not phase Sprint or Clearwire as both have almost 120 MHz of spectrum in their areas, but smaller companies could face issues when only operating in 10 or 20 MHz blocks.

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Services and QoS


Streaming of high quality video and audio Video calling

VOIP for phone calls


Provide enhanced data speeds for both handheld devices and laptop connect cards Could replace the traditional wired networks as they are much cheaper than fiber to the curb, and speeds look to be the same if not higher than those offered via wired today This would be for the following services
HSI to replace DSL/Cable Modems Digital Phone for the Home IPTV or TV over IP to replace standard cable or satellite provider

This would give previously only mobile operators the ability to sell the very lucrative triple play that, up until now, only existing LEC and cable operators have been able to.

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Services and QoS


Category Current Environment 4G Possibilities

[Source: UMTS Forum, "Standardising the future of mobile communications with LTE (Long Term Evolution)." Towards Global Mobile Broadband (2008): ]

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Services and QoS


Companies are also looking to build 4G chips into more electronic devices than just cell phones and laptops

Looking for every electronic device to have a 4G connection to the internet


Fridge could download recipes and auto update shopping list with what you need Digital cameras would be able to instantly upload photos to photo sharing and social networking sites, as well as having the ability to send them via email directly from the camera MP3 players could download songs from anywhere, similar to the Apple iPod Touch but without the need for a WiFi connection Cars would be able to auto diagnose issues and email the mechanic to notify them of issues These are just a couple of the endless possibilities that 4th generation networks are trying to tap into
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Network Architecture

[Source: Dahlman, Erik. 3G Evolution HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband. First. London: ELSEVIER, 2007.]

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Network Architecture - LTE


LTE combines the following network protocols into a single air interface, utilizing the individual advantages of each one

OFDMA
MIMO (2x2 or 2x4) ARQ within the RLC sub layer and HARQ within the MAC sub layer FDD & TDD SC-FDMA Up to 64 QAM DL and 16 QAM UL Turbo Coding (rate 1/3, 2 8 state constituent encoders and a contention-free internal

interleaver)

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Network Architecture - LTE


The core network architecture of LTE has been given its own name. It is called System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

SAE is relatively similar to the GPRS Core Network that includes some basic modifications.
Most notably a simplified architecture

Spectrum allocations from 1.25 MHz up to 20 MHz


Can support 200 simultaneous VOIP users across a cell consisting of 5 MHz

Provides interference reduction through power control and link adaptation techniques A common node B. Acts as a common gateway for all of the access technologies that access the network Can support handoffs between both 3GPP networks and non-3GPP networks
This should allow legacy CDMA2000 operators to interface their old networks with LTE

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Network Architecture - LTE

[Source: Myung, Hyung G.. "Technical Overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)."2007.]

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Network Architecture - UMB


UMB is a proprietary technology to Qualcomm Inc. There is only a limited amount of information available regarding the actual architecture and

physical properties of the technology.


This a summary of the available information available from Qualcomm white papers.

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Network Architecture - UMB


According to the CDG UMB combines the following network protocols into a single air interface, utilizing the individual advantages of each one

CDMA
OFDMA MIMO SDMA FDD

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Network Architecture - UMB


Spectrum allocations from 1.25 MHz up to 20 MHz Can support 1000 simultaneous VOIP users across 20 MHz FDD

A flat network architecture


Simplifies core network design Eliminates the need for centralized base station controllers (BSCs) A converged-access network (CAN) design that enables seamless mobility A multi-route feature that enables fast switching between base stations and provides requisite support for latency-sensitive applications Layer 2 and layer 3 tunneling mechanisms to simplify the network interface

Adaptive interference management

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Network Architecture - UMB

[Source: "UMB Network Architecture." Qualcomm Inc Dec 2007 02 Apr 2008 <7. http://www.qualcomm.co m/common/documents/w hite_papers/UMB_Netwo rk_Achitecture.pdf>. ]

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Network Architecture - WiMax


Mobile WiMax combines the following network protocols into a single air interface, utilizing the individual advantages of each one

TDM access with variable frame sizes (2 - 20 ms)


OFDM MIMO Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM Convolutional Codes, Convolutional Turbo Codes, Block Turbo Codes, and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) Codes

Hybrid ARQ TDD, FDD & H-FDD

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Network Architecture - WiMax


The following channel bandwidths are supported: 5 MHz, 7 MHz, 8.75 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz

These spectrum allocations can be anywhere within the following licensed spectrum bands
2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.3GHz, 3.5GHz While WiMax can support both TDD and FDD, it is only truly supporting TDD at this point. The ability to do FDD should be built into a later revision.

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Network Architecture - WiMax

"Network Architecture." HiperMAX-micro. Airspan. 7 May 2008 <http://www.airspan.com/products_wimax_microcell_hipermax.aspx>.

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Physical Layer & MAC Protocols - LTE


The physical layer was defined with the bandwidth constraints of LTE in mind. This is important in allowing it to easily adapt to various spectrum allocations

It is also important to get as much data throughput as possible through the connection
LTE uses up to 64 QAM for the downlink and up to 16 QAM for the uplink. In contrast, its broadcast only channel uses on BPSK. LTE also uses turbo coding for all transport blocks

It uses a rate 1/3 code


It also has 2 8-state constituent encoders as well as a contention-free QPP internal interleaver The turbo coding scheme uses a trellis termination technique.

Before the turbo coding, transport blocks are segmented into byte aligned segments with a
maximum information block size of 6144 bits. Error detection is supported by the use of 24 bit CRC.

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Physical Layer & MAC Protocols - LTE


Both the downlink and the uplink share the same frame structure. Both can use either a FDD or TDD mode of operation.

LTE frames are defined as 10 ms


The frames are divided into 10 subframes Each subframe is further divided into two slots Each .5 ms slot can consist of either 6 or 7 ODFM symbols

This structure is shown below

[Source: Myung, Hyung G.. "Technical Overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)."2007.]

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Physical Layer & MAC Protocols - LTE


LTE has three access procedures Cell Search

Cell search is the protocol for when the mobile handset (terminal) finds a cell tower (cell)
that it potentially would like to communicate with The mobile handset needs to identify the cell tower and needs to estimate the frame timing of that cell tower.

There are three main steps in performing a cell search


1. To assist in these steps the cell tower broadcasts a primary and secondary synch bit in the downlink 2. The mobile handset uses the primary synch bit to find the primary timing of the tower during a 5 ms slot 3. The mobile handset needs to detect the cell-identity information and determine the frame timing. This can be done by checking the pairs of slots where the secondary synch but should be transmitted 4. The cell tower now broadcasts the system information so that the mobile handset can determine the remaining parameters.

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Physical Layer & MAC Protocols - LTE


LTE has three access procedures Random Access

This is when the terminal requests a


connection setup There are 4 steps to the random access procedure
1. The terminal first sends a random-access preamble. This allows the eNodeB to estimate the transmission timing of the terminal 2. The network then sends a timing advance command if the terminals transmission timing is off. This also assigns uplink resources to the terminal 3. The mobile-terminal then sends its identity to the network. This is sent using the UL-Scheduling protocols specific to the network.
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4. The network then sends a contentionresolution message to the terminal. This resolves and conflicts of multiple terminals attempting to access the same resources.
[Source: Dahlman, Erik. 3G Evolution HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband. First. London: ELSEVIER, 2007.]

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Physical Layer & MAC Protocols - LTE


LTE has three access procedures Paging

When the mobile device is not in use it is allowed to go to sleep


Paging sets the protocols for a network-initiated connection setup
When the mobile device goes to sleep it automatically wakes up at pre-defined intervals These pre-defined intervals are set up to coincide exactly with the L1/L2 control signaling to prevent the need for a dedicated channel like what is used in UMTS

[Source: Dahlman, Erik. 3G Evolution HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband. First. London: ELSEVIER, 2007.]

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Physical Layer & MAC Protocols - WiMax


WiMax uses QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM in the downlink and QPSK and 16 QAM in the uplink WiMax also uses the following coding schemes:

Tail-Biting Convolutional Code


Convolutional Turbo Code Block Turbo Code (optional) Low-Densitiy Parity Check Code (LDPC) (optional)

Zero Tailed Convolutional Code (optional)


WiMax also uses a scheduling algorithm Each mobile handset competes for a slot only once (for initial entry into the network). Once it has won an access slot from the base station it cannot lose it unless it disconnects

from the tower.


The tower can enlarge and contract the individual time slots, but no matter what, it remains assigned to the specific subscriber station

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Physical Layer & MAC Protocols - WiMax


The mobility versions of WiMax have three basic handover methods defined. They are: Hard Handover (HHO):

The mobile handset scans the nearby base stations and gathers a list of all the possible
base stations. It uses this information to determine if a handoff is necessary. Both the base station and mobile handset can decide to start the handoff

Once this decision is made the handset immediately starts communicating with the new
base station

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Physical Layer & MAC Protocols - WiMax


The mobility versions of WiMax have three basic handover methods defined. They are: Fast Base-Station Switching (FBSS):

The mobile handset maintains a set of multiple suitable base stations


One base station is selected as the anchor and is where all the communications will take place. The mobile handset will continuously choose which ever base station has the best

connection from its list.


The mobile handset can change the anchor at any time without any handover signaling Macro-Diversity Handover (MDHO): Just like in FBSS the mobile handset keeps an anchor and a list of base stations

However this time the mobile handset communicates with all base stations

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Comparison of the Technologies


Aspect Access Technology (DL) Access Technology (UL) Capable Speeds Channel BW LTE OFDMA OFDMA 100 Mb/s DL 50 Mb/s UL 1.25 to 20 MHz UMB OFMDA, SDMA, CDMA* OFDMS, SDMA, CDMA* 280 Mb/s DL 75 Mb/s 1.25 to 20 MHz 4-6 bits/sec/Hz 2009 CDMA2000 WiMax OFDMA OFDMA 75 Mb/s 25 Mb/s 5, to 20 MHz 3.25 bits/sec/Hz 2008 WiFi

Spectral Efficiency 5 bits/sec/Hz Time to market Legacy 2010 GSM/UMTS

[Source: Scheim, Jacob. "A comparison of two fourth generation technologies: WiMax and 3GPP-LTE."Comsys. 2006.]

*UMB simply states the use of the technologies. There is no mention on specifics for DL or U **Includes latest release of 802.16M not currently available

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Future of the Technology


Long Term Evolution (LTE) Should see deployments throughout Europe, US and Asia Vodaphone, China Mobile, Verizon Wireless, AT&T, T-Mobile (Europe & Australia), Orange, NTT DoCoMo Estimates put 450 Million worldwide subscriber base by 2015 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) Looks to be a dead technology on arrival Qualcomm is now supporting LTE Mobile WiMax Currently deployed in US under brand XOHM On line in Chicago, Baltimore, Washington DC Consumer launch 2H 2008 Deployed commercially in South Korea SK Telecom under the name WiBro

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References
Dahlman, Erik. 3G Evolution HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband. First. London: ELSEVIER, 2007. TIA, "cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification." TIA-856-A Apr 2004 Apr 2 2004 <http://www.tiaonline.org/standards/technology/cdma2000/documents/TIA-856A.pdf>. Gozalvez, J. "1. Ultra Mobile Broadband [Mobile Radio]." Vehicular Technology Magazine, IEEE Mar 2007: "3G - Ultra Mobile Broadband." CDG : Technology. 2008. CDG. 2 Apr 2008 <http://www.cdg.org/technology/3g_umb.asp>. ABI Research, " A Poor Market Outlook for Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) Says ABI Research, but Qualcomms Future Still Secure." Business Wire 28 Dec 2007: "UMB Network Architecture." Qualcomm Inc Dec 2007 02 Apr 2008 <7. http://www.qualcomm.com/common/documents/white_papers/UMB_Network_Achitecture.pd f>. " ULTRA MOBILE BROADBAND (UMB) SPECIFICATION IS PUBLISHED." CDG : Mews & Events. CDG. 2 Apr 2008 <http://www.cdg.org/news/press/2007/Sep24_07.asp>. "CDMA Buzz-Words EV-DO Rev C as UMB." PhoneNews.com 05 Dec 2006 02 Apr 2008 <http://www.phonenews.com/cdma-buzz-words-ev-do-rev-c-as-umb-1615/>.
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References
"What Is cdma2000?." cdma2000 Technology Family: 1xRTT, EVDO, UMB, and EVDV 02 Apr 2008 <http://eogogics.com/talkgogics/tutorials/cdma2000>. UMTS Forum, "Standardising the future of mobile communications with LTE (Long Term Evolution)." Towards Global Mobile Broadband (2008): Wikipedia. 2 Apr 2008 <http://wikipedia.org/>. Scheim, Jacob. "A comparison of two fourth generation technologies: WiMax and 3GPPLTE."Comsys. 2006. Litwin, Louis. "The principles of OFDM."RF Signal Processing. 2001. Myung, Hyung G.. "Technical Overview of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)."2007. Li, Bo. "A Survey on Mobile WiMAX."Wireless Broadband Access. 2007. Scrase, Adriane. "Overview of the Current Status of 3GPP LTE."ETSI. 2008. Collins, Gerry. "The Business Case for LTE."Nortel. 2007. Laine, Michael Steve Stanley . "3GPP LTE (Long Term Evolution)."University of Kansas. 2008.

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Questions?

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