NEUTRALISATION

NEUTRALISATION
Explain

the meaning of neutralisation Write equations for neutralisation Explain the applications of neutralisation in daily life Solve numerical problems involving neutralisation

DEFINITION of NEUTRALISATION
Neutralisation is a reaction between an acid and a base or an alkali to form salt and water only.

General equation :

Acid + Base
Acid + Alkali

Salt + Water
Salt + Water

H Cl

+ Na OH

Na Cl

+ H2O

REFER TO YOUR HANDOUT

PAGE 12

LETS DO IT!

Neutralisation in our daily lives

Anti-acids are used to neutralise the excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach of the gastric patients. Antiacids medicines containing bases such as aluminium hydroxide or sodium hydrogen carbonate or calcium carbonate.

Shampoo contains a weak alkali while conditioner contains a weak acid. The neutralising reactions that occurs produces soft, shiny and manageable hair.

SYAMPOO PENTIN

Bee stings and ant bites are acidic in nature. They can be neutralised using alkaline medicine such as baking powder

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
Steps in determining the degree of neutralisation :
Write Write

the balanced chemical equation

the information from the question above the equation

Change Write Use

the information to mole

the information from the chemical equation.

the relationship between the number of moles of the substances

Calculate the volume of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH need to neutralise 20cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 . hydrochloric acid, HCl

Try to answer question 10, page 14

50cm3 of sulphuric acid, 0.5moldm-3 reacts completely with 25cm3 sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH. Calculate the molarity of sodium hydroxide solution.

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
For the following reaction: aA MAVA MBVB + = bB a b cC + dD

ii) What is the volume of NaOH 0.5 mol dm-3 to neutralise 25 cm3 of the diluted H2SO4 ? Number of moles of H2SO4 = (0.8 mol dm-3 )(25/1000 dm3) = 0.02 mol Let the volume of NaOH be x dm3 So, Number of moles of NaOH =(0.5 mol dm-3 )(x dm3) = 0.5 x mol H2SO4 + 2 NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Number of moles of H2SO4 = 1 = Number of moles of NaOH 2 0.02 0.5 x

0.5 x = 2 (0.02) x = 0.04 / 0.5 = 0.08 Therefore the volume of NaOH is 0.08 dm3 = 80 cm3

Q4 Work this out 7.4 Calculate the mass of slaked lime, Ca(OH)2 to neutralise 62.5 cm3 of 1.6 moldm-3 HNO3. Number of moles of HNO3 =(1.6 moldm-3 )(62.5 / 1000)dm3 = 0.1 mol Ca(OH)2 + 2 HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + 2 H2O

Number of moles of Ca(OH)2 = 1 Number of moles of HNO3 2 So, Number of moles of Ca(OH)2 = 0.1 = 0.05 2 Molar mass of Ca(OH)2 =[ 40 + 2(16 + 1)] g mol-1 = 74 g mol-1 Mass of Ca(OH)2 = (0.05 mol)( 74 gmol-1) = 3.7 g

RIDDLE OF THE DAY

Im green in the forest, black in the shop, red in the kitchen.

What am i?