112 Umts

Mobile Communication System
UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service
2013/1/30
Reviews of GPRS
Standardization of GPRS was important cornerstone for the
development of UMTS network GPRS defines an add-on for data services within the GSM networks - packet orientated approach to data switching Allocation of channels request-driven Todays bandwidth of 53.6 kbit/s (4 full rate traffic channels 13.4 kbit/s), up to 107.2 kbit/s with 8 channels
GPRS usually operates asynchronous with more bandwidth for downstream than for upstream
GPRS bases on an additional infrastructure: GSN GPRS Support

Nodes as an extension to GSM
SGSN (Serving GSN), GGSN (Gateway GSN)
2013/1/30
Reviews of GPRS
Main GSM components, like MSC, VLR and HLR used for
GPRS too, additional infrastructure: GSN GPRS Support Nodes
2013/1/30
Why 3G?
Higher bandwidth enables a range of new applications! For the consumer
Video streaming, TV broadcast Video calls, video clips news, music, sports Enhanced gaming, chat, location services For business High speed teleworking / VPN access Video conferencing Real-time financial information
2013/1/30
From GSM to 3G mobile networks

The short comings of GSM led to the development of a next
generation mobile network The new network
Should use the scarce resources of the shared medium air more efficiently Should be really international (GSM had a primarily scope on Europe first)
Much higher data rates should be offered with reduced delays Provide Internet oriented services
Preferring the packet orientated approach over the circuit switched one data services play an increasing role in mobility and voice could be just seen as data too.
2013/1/30
Introduction to UMTS
UMTS as the world wide 3G mobile standard
Network architecture and interfaces
User equipment and USIM (User Services Identity Module) Core network functionality and protocols (packet switched and circuit switched domain)
UTRAN UTMS radio network subsystem

RNS, RNC, Node-B Network based and connection based functions Power control and handoff control Authentication and security
2013/1/30
IMT2000 and UMTS

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defined demands for
third generation mobile networks with the IMT-2000 standard 3GPP (3G Partnership Project) continued that work by defining a mobile system that fulfills the IMT-2000 standard Resulting system is called Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Release '99 defined the bearer services with 64 kbit/s circuit switched and up to 384 kbit/s packet switched data rates Location services and call services were defined: GSMcompatibility should be offered, the authentication and security will be upgraded to USIM.
2013/1/30
Evolutions of UMTS
Several different paths from 2G to 3G defined
In Europe the main path starts from GSM when GPRS was added to the system
In North America the system evolution will start from TDMA going to EDGE and from there to UMTS
In Japan two different 3G standards used

W-CDMA by NTT DoCoMo, Vodafone KK, and by new entrants cdma2000 (not compatible to European standards) which is very successfully used by KDDI Transition to 3G was largely completed in Japan during 2005/2006
2013/1/30
Features of UMTS
UMTS system bases on layered services, like IP
Top is the services layer, which will give advantages like fast deployment of services and centralized location
In the middle layer is control layer, which will help upgrading procedures and allow the capacity of the network to be dynamically allocated Bottom layer is handled by the connectivity layer where any transmission technology can be used and the voice traffic will transfer over ATM/AAL2 or IP/RTP
UTMS will converge the mobile phone networks towards the IP

world Using IP in UMTS might push the IP world toward IPv6, because there will be a huge number of mobile phone subscribers
9
2013/1/30
UMTS history and planned standards

Requirements toward a 3G standard
Fully specified and world-widely valid Major interfaces should be standardized and open Services must be independent from radio access technology and is not limited by the network infrastructure Support of multimedia content and all of its components Convergence of existing networks
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2013/1/30

Specific GPRS network elements are reused in 3G specification
Reuse of operation and management components of GSM Reuse of packetized data services infrastructure of GPRS
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February 1995 UMTS Task Force established; December 1996 The UMTS Forum established. "European"
WCDMA standard known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) June 1997 UMTS Forum produces first report: "A regulatory Framework for UMTS" October 1997 ERC decided on UMTS core band. January 1998 ETSI meeting: W-CDMA and TD-CDMA proposals combined to UMTS air interface specification June 1998 Terrestrial air interface proposals (UTRAN, WCDMA, CDMA2000, EDGE, EP-DECT, TD-SCDMA) were handed into ITU-R 3GPP Release 99
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2013/1/30

December 1999 in Nice ETSI Standardization finished for UMTS
Release 1999 specifications both for FDD and TDD March 2001 in Palm Springs 3GPP approves UMTS Release 4 specification
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2013/1/30

Release 5 specifies an All IP standard
Streaming services (fast handoff)
Seamless UMTS/WLAN integration, inter-working Push-to-Talk over cellular Presence for chat, instant messaging, ...
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2013/1/30

Release 6
Extended location based services (LBS), with built in anonymization
Packet switches streaming services, with adaptation to available network resources (GPRS, UTMS, WLAN)
DRM(Digital Rights Management)

Charging Management Framework (for extended payment systems)
Today, 3GPP is now working on Long Term Evolution

(LTE), which will build on UMTS, as the Industry looks beyond 3G or 4G. (to Release 10)
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2013/1/30
UMTS Domains and Interfaces

UTMS network architecture has several similarities to GSM,
but you will find different names for some components
Several interfaces and domain are defined

Subscription Mgmt Home Services E2E Applications Radio Access
TE MT
Routes Calls/Data E2E Local Services Radio Resource Mgmt Core Network Access
Uu Iu
Home Network Domain [Zu] [Yu]
Data transport to remote party Non-user specific information
Cu
Serving Network Domain USIM Domain Mobile Equipment Domain User Equipment Domain Access Network Domain Core Network Domain Infrastructure Domain
Transit Network Domain
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2013/1/30
UMTS Network Architecture

Mobile Station Base Station Subsystem Network Subsystem Other Networks
SIM
ME
BTS
BSC
MSC/ VLR
GMSC PSTN
EIR
HLR
AUC
PLMN
RNS
Node B RNC SGSN GGSN Internet
USIM
ME
SD
UTRAN
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

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2013/1/30
UMTS Network Protocol

Application IP
Relay
IP SNDCP LLC
Relay
SNDCP
GTP-U
GTP-U
GPRS
LLC RLC MAC GSM RF Um RLC MAC GSM RF BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb
UDP BSSGP Network Service L1bis IP L2 L1 Gn
UDP IP L2 L1 Gi
MS
Application
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
E.g., IP, PPP Relay Relay GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM

Iu-PS
E.g., IP, PPP
UMTS
PDCP RLC MAC L1
Uu
PDCP RLC MAC L1
GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1
Gn
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1
Gi
MS
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UTRAN
3G-SGSN
3G-GGSN
2013/1/30
UMTS Domains
UMTS network architecture consists of three domains:
Core Network (CN) : To provide switching, routing and transit for user traffic.
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) : Provides the air interface access method for User Equipment.
User Equipment (UE) : Terminals work as air interface counterpart for Node-B. The various identities are: IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, MSISDN, IMEI,
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2013/1/30
UMTS UE Domain
User Equipment Domain handles the access of the user onto the
UMTS services
USIM User Services Identity Module

Extended SIM functionality(e-Wallet, e-Ticket, )
Functions for user identification, authentication and encryption Integrated into SIM card Most recent Mobile Equipment can handle both SIM and USIM
Mobile Equipment Domain responsible for air interface

User interface for end-to-end connections
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2013/1/30
UMTS CN Domain
CN infrastructure consists of
Serving network domain network which actually provides the user access
Home network domain functionality and information which is independent of actual user location
Transit network domain infrastructure between several network components, different kind of networks and different network providers, operators
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2013/1/30
UMTS CN Domain
CN infrastructure split into two logical networks
Both may serve the two different radio networks via either BSC or RNS
Circuit switched domain (CSD)

IuCS interface Traditional circuit switched data connection and signaling
Resource reservation on connection setup

GSM components (MSC, GMSC, HLR, VLR, EIR, ...)
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UMTS CN Domain
Packet switched domain (PSD)
Iu PS interface Packet orientated services
GPRS components (SGSN, GGSN)
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2013/1/30
UMTS UTRAN Domain

UTRAN (UTRA network) is the UMTS transceiver radio interface
network part Manages mobility on cell level handoff decision
Composed of several Radio Network Subsystems (RNS) connected to the Core Network through the Iu interface
Every Radio Network Subsystem is managed by Radio Network

Controller (RNC) RNC also handles radio resource management (RRM) operations
RNC is responsible for the local handoff process and the

combining/multicasting functions related to macro diversity between different Node-Bs
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2013/1/30
UMTS UTRAN Domain

Wide band CDMA technology is selected for UTRAN air interface. Base Station is referred to as Node-B and Radio Network Controller
(RNC).
Functions of Node-B are:
Air Interface Tx/Rx Modulation / Demodulation Functions of RNC are: Radio Resource Control Channel Allocation Power Control Settings Handoff Control Ciphering Segmentation and Reassembly
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Iu
RNS Iur RNC Iur
Iub
Iub
Node B
Node B
Cells
2013/1/30
UMTS UTRAN Domain

RNSs can be directly
interconnected through the Iur interface (interconnection of the RNCs)
Node-B may contain a

single BTS or more than one (typically 3) controlled by a site controller
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2013/1/30
UMTS UTRAN Domain

UTRAN functions
Controls cell capacity and interference in order to provide an optimal utilization of the wireless interface resources
Includes algorithms for Power Control, Handoff, Packet Scheduling, Call Admission Control and Load Control
Encryption of the radio channel Congestion control to handle situations of network overload System information broadcasting Micro and macro diversity
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2013/1/30
UMTS UTRAN Domain

Network based functions
Packet Scheduling
Controls the UMTS packet access Handles all non real time traffic, (packet data users) Decides when a packet transmission is initiated and the bit rate to be used
Load Control
Ensures system stability and that the network does not enter an overload state
Admission control to avoid network overload

Decides whether or not a call is allowed to generate traffic in the network
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2013/1/30
UMTS UTRAN Domain

Connection based functions
Power Control
Manages radio link quality - Uplink is handled per mobile (UE), downlink per physical channel Ensures that transmission powers are kept at a minimum level and that there is adequate signal quality and level at the receiving end
Handoff
Guarantees user mobility in a mobile communications network SRNS (Serving RNS) relocation
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2013/1/30
UMTS Network - Handoff

UMTS provides several handoff procedures
Intra Node-B handoff (softer handoff) Inter Node-B handoff, inter-frequency, intra-frequency (hard and soft) Inter RNC Inter MSC Inter SGSN Inter System (UMTS - GSM)
Hard Handoff
Connection to a Node-B is destroyed before a new one (to an other Node-B is started)
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2013/1/30
UMTS Network - Handoff

Soft Handoff
A MS is in the overlapping coverage of 2 different base stations (Node-B) Concurrent communication via 2 air interface channels Softer Handoff A MS is in the overlapping coverage of 2 sectors of a base station
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2013/1/30
UTRAN Base Stations (Node-B)

Base Station Node-B
Mainly handles physical layer tasks Main task of node B is to establish the physical implementation of the Uu interface (communication with the UE) and the implementation of Iub interface (Communication with the RNC) Providing the Uu interface means that the Base Station implements WCDMA radio access Physical Channels and transfer information from Transport Channels to the Physical Channels based on arrangements determined by the RNC The term Physical Channels means different kinds of bandwidth allocated for different purposes over Uu interface
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2013/1/30
UMTS - Air Interface

UTMS uses Wideband CDMA on two different duplex mechanisms CDMA allows frequency reuse factor of 1 (GSM 4, 7,.., 18)
5MHz Bandwidth allows multipath diversity using Rake Receiver Variable Spreading Factor (VSF) to offer Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) up to 2MHz Fast (1.5kHz) Power Control for Optimal Interference Reduction
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2013/1/30
UMTS Rake Receiver

Radio receiver designed to counter the effects of multipath fading
Multipath fading is a common problem in wireless networks especially in urban areas
Rake receiver commonly used in a wide variety of CDMA and WCDMA radio devices
Uses several "sub-receivers" each delayed slightly in order to tune in to the individual multipath components Each component decoded independently, but at a later stage combined in order to make the most use of the different transmission characteristics of each path Results in higher Signal-to-noise in a multipath environment than in a "clean" environment
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2013/1/30
UMTS Macro Diversity

Another way to increase connection
quality and reliability is macro diversity
Same data stream is sent over different physical channels Uplink UE sends its data to different Node-B Data stream is reassembled, reconstructed in Node-B, SRNC or NC Downlink receiving same data from different cells on different spread codes
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2013/1/30

UMTS FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)
Uplink: 1920 - 1980 MHz Downlink: 2110 - 2170 MHz 190 MHz duplex distance 5MHz (variable) carrier spacing (DS CDMA Direct Sequence CDMA)
12 bands in uplink & downlink
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2013/1/30

UMTS TDD (Time Division Duplex) Uplink & Downlink: 1900 - 1920 MHz and 2020 - 2025 MHz
5 carriers in total, 15 timeslots per frame
a user may use one or several timeslots

a timeslot can be assigned to either uplink or downlink
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2013/1/30
UMTS Cell Breathing

Advantages of UMTS W-CDMA
Power Control - solves the near-far problem
Soft capacity, dynamic cell sizes

Different to GSM, where fixed cell size Number of logged in users has no influence on cell size
In UMTS cell size is tightly interrelated with its capacity

Size depends on signal/noise ratio because of both maximum TX power and number of active users (interference in the same cell through other users and with other cells) which results in cell breathing
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2013/1/30
Differences of GSM and WCDMA
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2013/1/30
Introduction to NGNs
NGNs are structured, and are separated into functional planes,
that include: Access Transport & switching Control & intelligence and service (application)
Layers are independent - they can be modified or upgraded

regardless of other functional layers.
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2013/1/30
NGNs Architecture
Content and Services
Servers ...
IP Core
Access
Access
UMTS GSM/EDGE WiFi/WiMax xDSL
Access
Broadcast PSTN / ISDN
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2013/1/30
NGN Related Standard Organizations
CSI
VCC
Presence
GLMS
PoC
Messagin g
Multimedia Telephony
Cellular Access to IMS
IP
Wireline Access to IMS
WLAN Access to IMS
Mobile
Residential
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2013/1/30
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is an architectural
framework for delivering Internet Protocol(IP) multimedia services.
It was originally designed by the wireless standards body

3GPP, as a part of the vision for evolving mobile networks beyond GSM. Its original formulation (3GPP R5)
This vision was later updated by 3GPP, 3GPP2 and TISPAN

by requiring support of networks other than GPRS, such as UMTS, WLAN, and fixed line.
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IMS Architecture
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New Functional Entities for IMS

Call State Control Function (CSCF) executes the call control.
It is based on the IETF Session Initiation Protocol (SIP).
Media Gateway (MGW) provides an inter-connection from

GGSN to legacy circuit-switched networks such as PSTN.
Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) controls the

MGW.
Media Resource Function (MRF) performs multiparty call

and multimedia conferencing functions.
Signalling Gateway (SGW) performs signalling conversion

to/from mobile signalling network.
Home Subscriber Server (HSS) is an evolved HLR.
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2013/1/30
Integrated Service in NGN

What have 3G operators to offer Service Providers? 3rd party involvement of Internet based service providers seen as essential for growth
Offered:
Large customer base! IP connectivity Controlled QoS (MM apps etc.) User location (geographic, network) Global Mobility and Roaming Security Application based charging VPN access
Basic Services
Service & Application providers
RAN
MS
Core Network
UMTS
In return:
Internet
Rich internet content Faster application development Rich customers via other ISPs (accesses)
Expected to give fast and cheap development for 3G applications!

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Open Service Access(OSA)

Application server
discovery
Application
OSA API Open Service Access

Interface class framework
User Location Call control
Service capability server(s)
HLR
CSE
WGW WPP
Servers E.g. Location server MExE server SAT server
OSA internal API
Open, standardized API for 3rd party application developers

Developed in the Parlay group
Exports typical Mobile Network Functionality

Call control, UMTS QoS User location, Terminal capabilities Content based charging
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2013/1/30
Road to 4G
Mobile WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access) and HSPA+
HSPA1 WiMAX Rel-8
FDD 2 x 5 MHz (1x2) SIMO 64QAM-5/6 17.5 Mbps 8.3 Mbps (2x2) MIMO (1x2) SIMO 16QAM-3/4 16QAM-3/4 21 Mbps 8.3 Mbps 35 Mbps 8.3 Mbps 64QAM-5/6 FDD 2 x 5 MHz
Parameter
Frequency
Duplex Channel BW BS Antenna MS Antenna DL Mod-Coding2 UL Mod-Coding2 DL Peak User Rate UL Peak User Rate
Rel-7
2000 MHz
Rel 1.5
2500 MHz
TDD 10 MHz
(2x2) MIMO (1x2) SIMO 64QAM-5/6 64QAM-5/6 36 Mbps 17 Mbps 64QAM-5/6 64QAM-5/6 48 Mbps3 24 Mbps4
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2013/1/30
3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

3GPP (LTE) is Adopting:
OFDMA in DL with 64QAM All IP e2e Network Channel BWs up to 20 MHz Both TDD and FDD profiles Flexible Access Network Advanced Antenna Technologies
LTE is adopting technology & features already available

with Mobile WiMAX
similar long-term performance benefits and trade-offs
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2013/1/30
3GPP LTE & Mobile WiMAX Timeline

Mobile WiMAX
Rel 1.0
802.16e-2005
Rel 1.5
802.16e Rev 2
Rel 2.0
802.16m
IP e2e Network
3GPP
HSPA
Rel-6
HSPA+
Rel-7 & Rel-8
IMTAdvanced
Ckt Switched Network
LTE & LTE Advanced

Mobile WiMAX time to market advantage
IP e2e Network
OFDMA-Based
CDMA-Based
2008
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2009
2010
2011
2012
2013/1/30
Summary
Review of GPRS UMTS
History Domains(UE, UTRAN, CN), Interfaces, Protocols Handoff, Rake receiver, Micro diversity, Cell breathing
Introductions to NGN
IMS OSA
Road to 4G
LTE and WiMAX
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2013/1/30

112 Umts

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Mobile Communication System

UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service

Mobile Communication System

GPRS bases on an additional infrastructure: GSN GPRS Support

SGSN (Serving GSN), GGSN (Gateway GSN)

Mobile Communication System

Mobile Communication System

Mobile Communication System

From GSM to 3G mobile networks

Mobile Communication System

UTRAN UTMS radio network subsystem

Mobile Communication System

IMT2000 and UMTS

Mobile Communication System

In Japan two different 3G standards used

Mobile Communication System

UTMS will converge the mobile phone networks towards the IP

Mobile Communication System

UMTS history and planned standards

Mobile Communication System

UMTS history and planned standards

Mobile Communication System

UMTS history and planned standards

Mobile Communication System

UMTS history and planned standards

Mobile Communication System

UMTS history and planned standards

Mobile Communication System

UMTS history and planned standards

DRM(Digital Rights Management)

Today, 3GPP is now working on Long Term Evolution

Mobile Communication System

UMTS Domains and Interfaces

Several interfaces and domain are defined

Home Network Domain [Zu] [Yu]

Data transport to remote party Non-user specific information

Transit Network Domain

Mobile Communication System

UMTS Network Architecture

Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.

Mobile Communication System

UMTS Network Protocol

UDP BSSGP Network Service L1bis IP L2 L1 Gn

E.g., IP, PPP Relay Relay GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM

E.g., IP, PPP

PDCP RLC MAC L1

GTP-U UDP/IP AAL5 ATM

Mobile Communication System

Mobile Communication System

USIM User Services Identity Module

Mobile Equipment Domain responsible for air interface

Mobile Communication System

Mobile Communication System

Circuit switched domain (CSD)

Resource reservation on connection setup

Mobile Communication System

GPRS components (SGSN, GGSN)

Mobile Communication System

UMTS UTRAN Domain

Every Radio Network Subsystem is managed by Radio Network

RNC is responsible for the local handoff process and the

Mobile Communication System