By group 5

Angelica Agacita Fruilene Isabel Panes Lanmark Mabasa Ian Nilo Andales

At the end of the activity the students are expected to: Apply the concept of hand and motion economy as well as the use of therbligs in the study Analyze every step in the ship assembly process Make an effective data sheet Make use of stopwatch time study

Toy ships

stopwatch

 Make

a data sheet containing left and right hand chart, therbligs, and time of assembly including the descriptions of every motion of the worker. Prepare the parts of toy ship to be assembled. a worker to perform the experiment (the toy assembly).

Assign

 While

the worker performs, do the time study and

record the motions of the worker.

Fill

the data sheet with the information gathered. the units that a worker can finish on a

Compute

day(8hrs).
Publish

the results.

 In

using the left-right hand chart, it is very important to

take note every motion involve and take considerations that these are operations. But there are some activities that are not taken to account into the chart because these types of operations might not be done by the same operator(Aft, 2000).

There are different definitions of left-hand/right hand chart given by varieties of authors in Methods Engineering. This chart is one on which the motions made by one hand in relation to those made by the other hand are recorded using standard process chart symbols (Aft, 2000).

Left-hand/right-hand chart is for one operator only, treating each hand as an activity; each hands activity is broken into elements and is plotted to the column adjacent to the other hand (Meyers, 2002). The principal purpose of the chart is to assist in finding a better way of performing the task (Barnes).

Throughout the operations taken, the charts or set of data taken can be used to improve productivity. There are factors or classification as well, to be considered in the process of improving the productivity of the worker. These are the use of the human body, workplace arrangement and the design of tools and equipment. The human body deals with the effectively use of the physical attributes when it is required in a production situation. The second

factor deals with the most effective layout of the working area.
Lastly, the third classification deals with the appropriate design of equipment for the ease of operation by the operator.

An ideal worker in the workstation must be productive as to keeping a sufficient amount of work. There must not be an idle time at all and everything has to be balance, the starting and stopping times of the hands (based from Principle 2 of

motion economy principles). The motion of the hands has to

be fast and follows smoothly to the rhythm of the prescribed method. The more identifiable the rhythm is, the easier the job would be in harnessing the feeling and make the job more productive.

Stopwatch time study was the first technique used to set engineering time standards. However, Meyers (2002) stressed that stopwatch time study may not be the best

technique for setting a particular time standards, but it may

be the agreed-on method to be used.

 In

measuring the time standard, you must take the stepby-step procedure. 1. select the job to study 2. Collect information about the job 3. Divide the job into elements 4. Do the actual time study 5. Extend the time study 6. Determine the number of cycles to be timed 7. Rate, level and normalize the operators performance 8. Apply allowances 9. Check for logic 10. Publish the time standard

 One

important attributes that a time study

technician must have is the positive attitude towards using stopwatch, making allowances, rating the performance, communicating to the operator and setting the time standards.

*the time is in sec

element

10

Insert top base to 2nd base

Insert top-2nd base to the 1st base

2.00 2.05 1.72 1.66 1.72 1.86 1.61 1.67 1.60 1.64

2.10 2.59 1.92 1.99 1.90 2.02 2.04 1.83 2.58 1.33

SKILL EFFORT

(B1) 0.11 (C1) 0.05

CONDITION
CONSISTENCY

(C) 0.02
(C) 0.01

TOTAL

0.19 or 19 %

100 % + 19 % = 119 %

FATIGUE

480 seconds or 8 mins

PERSONAL

480 seconds or 8 mins

DELAY

480 seconds or 8 mins

ALLOWANCES IN % = (24 min / 480) x 100 % = 5 %

TOTAL NORMAL TIME = 2.09 + 2. 42 = 4.5 seconds

Total

Mean (X)

Range (R)

R/X

Normal Time

Total Normal Time

Standard Time

Output Per Day

17.53

1.753

.45

.28

2.09 4.5 4.74 6076 Units

20.30

2.03

.76

.37

2.42

Simo chart

LEFT
DESCRIPTION
reach for the second base grasp the second base

THERBLIGS

THERBLIGS

RIGHT
DESCRIPTION

TE G TL A TE G TL A

TE G TL A

reach for the top base grasp the top base

carry the second base

carry the top base

assemble the 2nd base to the top base reach for the first base grasp the first base carry the first base

assemble the top base second base

hold the assembled parts

assemble the first base to the assembled parts

assemble the parts

reach for the second base

TE G TL

TL RL TE G

Carry the toy to the bin

grasp the second base

Drop the toy ship

carry the second base

Reach for the base

Grasp the top base

hold the 2nd base

H A TE G TL A

TL A

Carry the top base assemble the top base to the second base

Assemble the second base to the top base

Reach for the first base

Hold the assembled parts

Grasp the first base

Carry the first base

Assemble the first base to the assembled parts

Assemble the parts

reach for the second base

TE G TL

TL RL TE G

Carry the toy to the bin

grasp the second base

Drop the toy ship

carry the second base

Reach for the base

Grasp the top base

hold the second base

H A TE G TL A

TL A

Carry the top base assemble the top base to the second base

Assemble the second base to the top base

Reach for the first base

Hold the assembled parts

Grasp the first base

Carry the first base

Assemble the first base to the assembled parts

Assemble the parts

Therbligs

Left Hand

Right Hand

TE

TL

PRINCIPLE 3: motion of the arms should be made in opposite and symmetrical directions and should be

made simultaneously.,

The

two hands were able to complete the task and

its use were made effectively. It can be seen from

the simo chart that the hands were functioning

and the task were divided.

PRINCIPLE 8: work should be arranged to permit easy and

natural rhythm wherever possible.

PRINCIPLE 9: eye fixations should be as few and as close together as possible.

The arrangement of the parts were made according to the

distribution of the task for the hands. The parts were

located in away that the operator can reach without stretching or causing so much effort. With these the eye

fixations are few. Considering that there are only three

parts to be assembled and is easy to manage.

Principle 13:Drop deliveries should be used whenever possible.

The

bin was provided for the finished

products in order to separate it from the other parts. One advantage of the drop delivery is to protect the finished product from damage.

Principle 16: The height of the workplace and the chair should preferably be arranged so that the alternate sitting and standing are easily possible.

The

chair and the working table were provided in

a way that the worker is comfortable to use it. The

height does not permit the operator to work in a restricted motions.

Principle 18: the hands should not be relieved of all works that can be done advantageously by a jig, a fixture or a

foot-operated device.

The

hand did most of the tasks and there were no

available machineries or fixtures or even a jig that could help the operator. In a demanding point of work, the worker will accumulate psychological and physical stress

Principle 1: Two hands should begin as well as complete their motions

at the same time.

The two hand were able to begin at the same time but were not

able to complete the motions significantly.

Principle 2: two hands should not be idle at the same time except during rest periods.

It can be seen from the simo chart that there was long holding of the parts. Although, the hands were not idle but hold is an ineffective therblig that needs to be eliminated.

 Time

study is now being used by the companies to

establish a time standard. By this, the company will know

the number of units that can be produced by a worker in a

certain period of time. Also, it is used to identify the ineffective time that must be eliminated during production. The time study is used to improve the methods or procedures adopted in performance of various jobs. This is very important for the company to improve their production and increase their profit.

 It

is also an important reminder that spending

significant amounts of physical energy unnecessarily is not a productive way of working. Rhythm must be

followed where there is a moderate flow of the

workers performance because a slowing pace and speeding up makes the operator less productive. It is believed that the simpler motions are, the simpler the job will be performed and it will follow that the jobs will be more productive.