FORMULATING SEARCH STRATEGIES

Cooper (2010) has identified several approaches

-Bibliographic database search -Ancestry Approach Using citations from relevant studies to track down earlier research on the same topic -Descendancy Approach Finding a pivotal early study and to search forward in citation indexes to find more recent studies -grey literature Studies with more limited distribution, such as conference papers, unpublished reports

DECISIONS IN DELIMITING SEARCH -If multilingual, constrain studies to your own language - Limit search studies conducted within a certain time frame -Exclusion of studies with certain types of participants +Searching about nurses characteristics and treatment of childs pain may want to exclude neonates) - Limit search based on how key variables are defined. +Searching about nurses characteristics and

SEARCHING BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATATBASES

-Databases contain entries for thousands of journal articles, each being coded to facilitate retrieval +Articles may be encoded for language, subject matter, or type of journal -Commercial vendors offer software for information retrieval from databases -Programs are user-friendly, offering menudriven systems with on-screen support to ensure retrieval with minimal instruction.

 -Familiarity is important. Most software give options

to limit search, combine results of two searches, or saving the search -Some offer discounts for students and trial services -Most universities or hospital libraries have subscriptions to such services.

GETTING STARTED WITH A BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE

-Familiarity is important. Most software give options to limit search, combine results of two searches, or saving the search

GETTING STARTED WITH A BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE CON

POINT A: Constructs of interest

POINT B:Programs method of storing and organizing information about constructs

GETTING STARTED WITH A BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE CON

- Most programs use mapping capabilities.
+Mapping- feature allowing the search for topics using ones own keywords, rather than needing to enter a term matching the subject heading in a data base +Translates keywords entered into the most plausible subject heading. +Programs will also search in text fields of records (title and abstract) for entered keywords

GENERAL DATABASE SEARCH FEATURES

-Boolean operators can be used to expand or delimit a search

(MUST BE IN ALL CAPS)
+AND delimits a search; retrieve records with BOTH terms +OR expands a search; retrieves records with either term +NOT narrows a search; retrieves records with one term, excluding the other

GENERAL DATABASE SEARCH FEATURES CON

-Wildcard and Truncation symbols expands a search term to include all forms of a root word
+An asterisk [*] or truncation symbol, instructs computer to search for any word beginning with the root word. (i.e. child yields children, childhood, childrearing) +A question mark [?] or wildcard symbol, permits alternative spellings of a word in a search (i.e. wom?n yields woman or women; behavior?r yields behavior or behavior)

GENERAL DATABASE SEARCH FEATURES CON

-Databases may require at least 3 letters in the beginning of the search term before a symbol
+P*renting would not be allowed in searching for Parenting, it should be Par*nting

-Using special symbols turn off software mapping features.

+Searching child* would retrieve records with any form of child appears in the text fields, but it will not map concepts onto the databases subject headings (i.e. pediatric)

GENERAL DATABASE SEARCH FEATURES CON

-Keeping words together in a search is important.

+Some bibliometric software will treat a search of blood pressure as blood AND pressure yielding results with both terms somewhere in the text fields. +Quotation marks can ensure words are searched only in combination (blood pressure)

CINAHL
Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Covers references to virtually all English-Language nursing and allied journals, as well as to books, dissertations, and selected conference proceedings in nursing and allied fields Several Versions CINAHL CINAHL Plus

Can be accessed through: (www.ebscohost.com/cinahl/)

In basic search

screen coded could limit you 3) Limit to those as being particular yourin search: 2) Limiting through subset specific publication
dates

1) Limiting records retrieve to those Or to expand your search by with certain clicking an option label features Apply related words

MEDLINE DATABASE

Developed by the U>S National Library of Medicine (NLM) Widely recognized as the premier source for bibliographic coverage of biomedical literature Can be accessed for free through the PubMed website (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed )

Wound healing

Databases Bookshelf

A collection of biomedical books that can be searched directly or from linked data in other NCBI databases. The collection includes biomedical textbooks, other scientific titles, genetic resources such as GeneReviews, and NCBI help manuals. GeneReviews A collection of expert-authored, peerreviewed disease descriptions on the NCBI Bookshelf that apply genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients and families with specific inherited conditions. Journals in NCBI Databases Subset of the NLM Catalog database providing information on journals that are referenced in NCBI database records, including PubMed abstracts. This subset can be searched using the journal title, MEDLINE or ISO abbreviation, ISSN, or the NLM Catalog ID.

MeSH Database MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) is the U.S. National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary for indexing articles for MEDLINE/PubMed. MeSH terminology provides a consistent way to retrieve information that may use different terminology for the same concepts. NCBI C++ Toolkit Manual A comprehensive manual on the NCBI C++ toolkit, including its design and development framework, a C++ library reference, software examples and demos, FAQs and release notes. The manual is searchable online and can be downloaded as a series of PDF documents. NCBI Handbook

An extensive collection of articles about NCBI databases and software. Designed for a novice user, each article presents a general overview of the resource and its design, along with tips for searching and using available analysis tools. All articles can be searched online and downloaded in PDF format; the handbook can be accessed through the NCBI Bookshelf. NCBI Help Manual
Accessed through the NCBI Bookshelf, the Help Manual contains documentation for many NCBI resources, including PubMed, PubMed Central, the Entrez system, Gene, SNP and LinkOut. All chapters can be downloaded in PDF format.

National Library of Medicine (NLM) Catalog Bibliographic data for all the journals, books, audiovisuals, computer software, electronic resources and other materials that are in the library's holdings. PubMed A database of citations and abstracts for biomedical literature from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. Links are provided when full text versions of the articles are available via PubMed Central (described below) or other websites. PubMed Central (PMC)

A digital archive of full-text biomedical and life sciences journal literature, including clinical medicine and public health.
PubMed Health A collection of clinical effectiveness reviews and other resources to help consumers and clinicians use and understand clinical research results. These are drawn from the NCBI Bookshelf and PubMed, including published systematic reviews from organizations such as the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality, The Cochrane Collaboration, and others (see complete listing). Links to full text articles are provided when available.

Downloads MEDLINE (Leasing)

NLM leases MEDLINE/PubMed to U.S. individuals or organizations.

NCBI Data Specifications Specifications for NCBI data in ASN.1 or DTD format are available on the Index of data_specs page. The "NCBI_data_conversion.html" links to the conversion tool. National Library of Medicine (NLM) DTDs A suite of tag sets for authoring and archiving journal articles as well as transferring journal articles from publishers to archives and between archives. There are four tag sets: Archiving and Interchange Tag Set - Created to enable an archive to capture as many of the structural and semantic components of existing printed and tagged journal material as conveniently as possible; Journal Publishing Tag Set - Optimized for archives that wish to regularize and control their content, not to accept the sequence and arrangement presented to them by any particular publisher; Article Authoring Tag Set - Designed for authoring new journal articles; NCBI Book Tag Set - Written specifically to describe volumes for the NCBI online libraries. PubMed Central (PMC) Open-Access Subset

The PMC Open-Access Subset is a relatively small part of the total collection of articles in PMC. Whereas the majority of articles in PMC are subject to traditional copyright restrictions, these articles are protected by copyright, but are made available under a Creative Commons or similar license that generally allows more liberal redistribution and reuse than a traditional copyright. Please refer to the license statement in each article for specific terms of use.

Submissions NIH Manuscript Submissions (NIHMS)

The NIH Manuscript Submission (NIHMS) System is used to submit manuscripts that arise from NIH funding to the PubMed Central digital archive, in accordance with the NIH Public Access Policy and the law it implements. The law and Public Access Policy are intended to ensure that the public has access to the published results of NIH-funded research. Submission Portal
A single entry point for submitters to link to and find information about all of the data submission processes at NCBI. Currently, this serves as an interface for the registration of BioProjects and BioSamples and submission of data for WGS and GTR. Future additions to this site are planned. Tools Coffee Break Part of the NCBI Bookshelf, Coffee Break combines reports on recent biomedical discoveries with use of NCBI tools. Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that show how NCBI bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process.

E-Utilities
Tools that provide access to data within NCBI's Entrez system outside of the regular web query interface. They provide a method of automating Entrez tasks within software applications. Each utility performs a specialized retrieval task, and can be used simply by writing a specially formatted URL.

LinkOut A service that allows third parties to link directly from PubMed and other Entrez database records to relevant web-accessible resources beyond the Entrez system. Examples of LinkOut resources include full-text publications, biological databases, consumer health information and research tools.

NCBI News
NCBI's monthly newsletter that provides information on new and updated databases, and software services. The News often has feature articles that highlight and demonstrate services, features, tools, and interesting data with practical examples of their use. PubMed Clinical Queries A specialized PubMed search form targeted to clinicians and health services researchers. The page simplifies searching by clinical study category, finding systematic reviews and searching the medical genetics literature.

WINTER
Template

01

02
In conducting a literature review, reviewers starts:
With a Question Implement a plan for gathering Information Analyze and Interpret Information Summarize Findings in a written product

Discard irrelevant or inappropriate refereces

03
Read source materials Abstract, encode informati on from the studies

Formul ate and refine primar y and secon dary queati ons

Device search strategi es (e.g., select databas es, identify keyword s, etc.)

Search for, identify, and retrieve potential primary source material s

Screen sources for relevanc e, appropri ateness

Document search decisions and actions Prepare synthesis/ Critical Summary

Identify new references, new leads Critiq ue/ev aluate studie s

Analyze, integrate information, search for themes

04
Qualities of a High Quality Review:

Comprehensive, Thorough, and Up-to-date Absence of Bias

Insightful
More than the sum of its part

05
DOING A LITERATURE REVIEW SIMILAR TO DOING A QUALITATIVE STUDY:
Flexible approach to Data Collection Thinking creatively about ideas for new sources of information Pursuing leads until Saturation is achieved Analysis of Data will involve a search for important themes

SCREENING AND GATHERING REFERENCES

1st screening Accessibility of the reference.- is the reference redily accessible?

2ND SCREENING
Relevance of the reference, which you can usually surmise by
reading the abstract Example:

Effectiveness of Aloe Vera on wound healing.

3RD SCREENING
Studys Methodologic quality that is, the quality of evidence the study yields, a topic discussed in a later section

CODE

AAccessibility RRelevance

MMethodologic quality

THANK YOU!!!