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IMPORTANCE
Water is the key input in crop production and plants take nutrients
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Time of application
Methods of application
Depth of water per irrigation
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Management of soil moisture is essential for optimum yield under assured irrigation. Water from snow melt, rivers and natural springs are used for
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Normally, first irrigation 20-25 days after planting and further at 12-20 days interval depending upon the type of soil and weather conditions.
During the irrigation, water should not be reach more than 2/3 height
of the ridges. Potato is relatively sensitive to soil water deficits. To get optimum yields the total available soil water should not be < 30-50%.
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Stolonization and tuber initiation and yield formation are more sensitive stages for irrigation than ripening and vegetative periods.
In general, water deficits in the middle to late part of the growing period reduce yield more than in the early part.
Yields of varieties with few tubers may be somewhat less sensitive to water deficit than those with many tubers.
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To maximize yield, the soil should be maintained at relatively high moisture content.
Frequent irrigation with relatively cold water may decrease the soil temperature below optimum value of 15 to 18C for tuber formation.
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Since the potato is a relatively sensitive crop in terms of both yield and quality, under conditions of limited water supply the available supply should preferably be directed towards maximizing yield per hectare rather than spreading the limited water over a larger area.
Savings in water can be made mainly through improved timing and depth of irrigation application
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IRRIGATION SCHEDULING
Water management practices vary from region to region. Water requirement of Potato ranges from 400-600 mm depending upon the length of growing season. Normally, the early season crop grown in Punjab has it growth Cycle of 110-120 days, coinciding much its latter growth (tuber
development) with falling temperature regime of low evaporability and its seasonal water needs are moderate.
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For more yield, apply irrigation immediately after planting which leads to proper germination and optimum population. The Potato crop in Punjab should be irrigated at 7-10 days interval The last irrigation should be with-held 10-15 days before harvest to allow the tubers to harden their skin.
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Light and frequent irrigation is applied as and when needed in Sikkim. Potato should be irrigated mainly during 3 stages:
a) 20-25 days after planting (stolon formation stage); b) 45-50 days after planting (stolon development and tuber formation stage); and c) 65 days after planting (tuber development stage).
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METHOD OF IRRIGATION
Most common irrigation methods for potato are furrow and sprinkler methods
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A fixed depth of water (about 40-50 mm) is applied at each irrigation. Sprinkler and drip irrigation systems have been evaluated and compared with the standard furrow irrigation in Indian plains. The drip system was most economical followed by sprinkler system.
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