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The causes of industrial disputes can be broadly classified into two categories: economic and noneconomic causes.
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Victimization of workers
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sympathetic strikes,
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Indiscipline etc.Dunlop alleges labour indiscipline, suspends operations at Ambattur Workershave described the move as unjustified and blamed the management for delay in paying the wages and not managing production.
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Economic factors
Wages and allowances: In 2002, 21.4% of disputes were caused by demand of higher wages and allowances. In 2005, wages and allowances accounted for 21.8% of disputes.
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During the year 2002, disputes caused by personnel were 14.1% while those caused by retrenchment and layoffs were 2.2% and 0.4% respectively. In year 2005, only 9.6% of the disputes were caused by personnel, and only 0.4% were caused by retrenchment.
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Retrenchment is something akin to downsizing. When a company or government goes through retrenchment, it reduces outgoing money or expenditures or redirects focus in an attempt to become more financially solvent.
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Lay-off is a practice whereby the employer cannot give employment to workmen for various reasons including shortage of raw materials, coal or power, accumulation of stocks, break-down of machinery etc, or for any other connected reason. It has been defined under Section 2(kkk) of the Act. If a workman, whose name is on the muster rolls of 1/19/13
In 2002, 29.9% of disputes were caused because of indiscipline, which rose up to 36.9% in 2003. Similarly in 2004 and 2005, 40.4% and 41.6% of disputes were caused due to indiscipline respectively.
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Bonus
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Lack of human relations skill on the part of supervisors and other managers
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Miscellaneous:
The miscellaneous factors include - Inter/Intra Union Rivalry - Work Load - Standing orders/rules/service conditions/safety measures - Non-implementation of agreements and awards etc.
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Settlement Without StateIntervention There are two ways in which the basicparties to an industrial disputetheemployer and the employees- can settletheir disputes. Collective bargaining Voluntary arbitration
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Settlement Under theInfluence of the State Compulsory establishment of bipartitecommittees; Establishment of compulsory collectivebargaining; Conciliation and mediation (voluntary andcompulsory);
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