Applications of Strength Analysis

Earth Slopes

Applications of Strength Analysis

Structural Foundations

Applications of Strength Analysis

Retaining Wall

Applications of Strength Analysis

Tunnel Linings

Applications of Strength Analysis

Pavement Design

Normal Load

Direct Shear Test

Test Control & Data Acquisition

Shear Load

Pavement Design

Shear Box & Specimen Ring

Shear Box Schematic

N
Normal Load
Reaction Arm

Normal stress,n = N / A

Shear Load

Shear stress,

= T / A

Internal Diameter
Plan area, A = p x r 2

Shear Stress vs. Horizontal Displacement (Strain)

Dense Sand
70

60

50

Peak Strength
Shear Stress (psi) 40

Residual Strength
30

20 10 psi 50 psi 90 psi 10

0.05

0.1

0.15
Horizontal Displacement (in)

0.2

0.25

0.3

Shear Stress vs. Normal Stress (Peak & Residual)

Dense Sand
80

70

60

(psi)

50

40

30

20 Peak 10 Residual Linear (Peak) Linear (Residual)

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

(psi)

Mohrs Circle

80

70

60

(psi)

50

40

30

20

10

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

(psi)
Peak Linear (Peak)

H vs. Horizontal Displacement (Strain)

y
Dilation

Dense sands

any behaviour in between

Loose sands Contraction

H vs. Horizontal Displacement (Strain)

Dense Sand
0.035 0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005

Dilation

H 7E-17 (in)
-0.005 -0.01 -0.015 -0.02 -0.025 -0.03 -0.035

Contraction
10 psi 50 psi 90 psi

0.05

0.1

0.15
Horizontal Displacement (in)

0.2

0.25

0.3

Void Ratio(e) vs. Horizontal Displacement (Strain)

Calculation Steps

H V d e
Initially Loose Soil

Void Ratio, e

Critical Void Ratio

Initially Dense Soil

Index of Required Plots

Shear Stress vs. Horizontal Displacement
Shear Stress vs. Normal Stress (Peak & Residual)

Mohrs Circle (Peak Only)

H vs. Horizontal Displacement

Void Ratio (e) vs. Horizontal Displacement

Grain Shape &

Rounded 30 - 35o

Sub-rounded 32 - 37o

Holtz & Kovacs

Sub-angular 34-39o

Angular 36-41o

Tips
Post PROCESSED data (not raw) data on blackboard group shear strength of

sand/glass by end of tomorrow. Note the spot on the blackboard is : CIE 337 Merged Fall 2012==>>Lab Groups===> Direct Shear.===> File Exchange The completed table at the end of the manual of Lab 7 (Page 72) should also be uploaded. Please put all in ONE file Plot your own data alongside data from ONE other group that used the other material. You are comparing the shear strength of Ottawa Sand vs crushed glass.

Lab Procedure Key Points

Fill & level sand to bottom of marking in specimen box

Lab Terminology

Specimen Box

Spacer

Top Cap

Load Seat

Porous Stone

Reaction Arm