Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
KINDS OF WASTE
ON THE BASIS OF RHEOLOGY AND
COMPACTNESS:
SOURCES BROKEN DOWN BY OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS Eg-MUNICIPAL WASTEGREEN WASTE,FOOD WASTE,PAPER WASTE AND BIO DEGRADABLE PLASTICS ALSO INCLUDE HUMAN WASTE,MANURE,SEWAGE.
WASTES CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS NOT CAPABLE OF DEGRADATION OR DECOMPOSITION. Eg-PLASTIC,METAL,GLASS. ALSO INCLUDE DANGEROUS CHEMICALS,TOXINS AS ARE PLASTIC GROCERY BAGS
Non-hazardous
SOURCES OF WASTES
Households
SOURCES OF WASTES
Agriculture
Fisheries
EFFECTS OF WASTE
Affects our health Affects our socio-economic conditions Affects our coastal and marine environment Affects our climate Rise in global temperatures Rise in sea levels
Recycling methods
Biological reprocessing
Incineration
Requires minimum land Can be operated in any weather Expensive to build and operate Continuous maintenance
Key to providing a livable environment for the future Expensive Some wastes cannot be recycled Technological push needed Energy recovery Pyrolysis Gasification
Plastics recycling technologies have been historically divided into four general types
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING
Organic waste materials, such as plant material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recycled using biological composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter. The resulting organic material is then recycled
as mulch or compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes. Waste gas from the process (such as methane) can be captured and used for generating electricity.
An example of waste management through composting is the Green Bin Program in Toronto, Canada, where household organic waste are collected in a dedicated container and then composted.
Waste-to-energy
The energy content of waste products can be harnessed directly by using them as a direct combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them into another type
of fuel. Recycling through thermal treatment ranges from using waste as a fuel source for cooking or heating, to fuel for boilers ,to generate steam and electricity in a turbine. Pyrolysis Gasification
and to generate the minimum amount of waste. Extended producer responsibility - Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote the integration of all costs associated with products throughout their life cycle (including end-of-life disposal costs) into the market price of the product. This means that firms which manufacture, import and/or sell products are required to be responsible for the products after their useful life as well as during manufacture. Polluter pays principle - Polluter Pays Principle is a principle where the polluting party pays for the impact caused to the environment.
Waste management also has a significant impact on human health. Chemicals from degrading waste can leak into aquifers and contaminate water supplies. Landfills and older incinerators can also release harmful dioxins, a cancer-causing carcinogen; Air pollutants like NOx and SOx, which make up acid rain and can cause respiratory illnesses. Landfills also provide shelter for disease-carrying agents like rats, flies, and other vermin.
environment and human health. Allowing economic development and improvement in the quality of life.
The aims of waste management are to: conserve resources of water, energy, raw materials and nutrients control pollution of land, air and water enhance business performance and maintain corporate social responsibility improve occupational health and safety
waste policies. This whole-of-system approach aims to reduce waste at the source through product design and producer responsibility. It also includes waste reduction strategies further down the supply chain such as: cleaner production product dismantling recycling repair reuse.
Improve product design to use less materials. Use biodegradable materials Maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets At Source Treatment, Separation of materials should be done at source Encourage people to reuse materials rather than purchase new ones. Create awareness among civilians Change of attitude from the part of the civilians
CONCLUSION
Waste management is
the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal, and monitoring of wastematerials.[1] The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is also carried out to recover resources from it. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each.