Chapter 13

Subsystems

Basic Facts

All work is carried out in a subsystem. All jobs are divided by type into subsystems. Subsystems are started when the AS/400 powers up and loads the Operating System. A way of organizing, in order to increase efficiency.

OFFICE J

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Understanding AS/400 System Operations

Memory: Activity Levels

Activity levels enhance raw memory allocation by restricting how many programs will vie for the same memory at the same time.

Understanding AS/400 System Operations

Why limit activity level?

Each job secures enough resources to run efficiently Too large of a number will force jobs to compete for system resources and ultimately slow completion of all jobs

Understanding AS/400 System Operations

Memory: Storage Pools

A storage pool is a pool of memory where one type of program or application (a set of programs) runs.

Understanding AS/400 System Operations

Subsystems Are:

A subsystem is an environment unique to a type of program. It allows computer run-time attributes to be applied to all jobs within it, while other jobs in other subsystems keep their own attributes.

Understanding AS/400 System Operations

Single Vs. Multiple Subsystem Configuration

Single - QBASE

Multiple

The subsystem for all work active upon installation Convenient for installation Doesnt take advantage of systems capabilities

Improves performance to separate workload AS/400 comes preloaded with basic 5 subsystems Change system value for QCTLSBSD to QCTL & the AS/400 understands to start using multiple subsystems

Understanding AS/400 System Operations

5 Basic Subsystems

QCTL

the controlling subsystem in a multiple subsystem configuration The system console is attached to this subsystem

This is so the system console can carry out functions during IPL

Understanding AS/400 System Operations

5 Basic Subsystems (cont.)

QINTER

Subsystem that supports interactive jobs

QSPL

Handles all spooled file jobs

Understanding AS/400 System Operations

5 Basic Subsystems (cont.)

QCMN

Supports all communications jobs

QBATCH

Supports all batch jobs

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5 Basic Subsystems (cont.)

The AS/400 allows for any combination of jobs within a subsystem. However, doing so will reduce the systems efficiency. The object, subsystem description, is required whenever a new subsystem is created.
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System Pools

Also called a storage pool. A logical division of main memory reserved for processing jobs. Subsystems are pre-assigned to main memory pools by the Operating System. Work is divided into types of jobs (Just like types of pools).
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Storage Pool Characteristics

Activity Level

Pre-defined size

Max number of jobs that can be run simultaneously in the pool How many lanes

number of bytes that can be stored in the pool How much water

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Shipped Storage Pools

*MACHINE is the storage pool where the system runs. *BASE can be where everything else runs.

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Related System Values

QMCHPOOL - Sets Size OF *Machine pool. QBASPOOL - Sets minimum size of *BASE pool.

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Portion of Memory
A pool is the amount of allocated memory.

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Memory Management Concepts

Paging is writing a inactive

memory page to DASD so an active page can be read into memory. Faulting is when a program (or its data) attempts to access a page not in memory. It then is fetched.

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Memory Management Concepts

Timeslice, is the period of time

allocated for CPU usage by a job when it executes. Thrashing is excessive faulting.

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CPU Considerations

Time Slices

The amount of processor time a job has before the CPU moves to another job Within a storage pool, job with highest prior acquires system resources first Ex: Print writers, then interactive jobs, then batch jobs
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Run Priorities

CPU Considerations (cont.)

Run Priority Vs. Job Priority

Run priority is the priority of job while executing Job priority is the relative order of job waiting on job queue

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AS/400 Jobs Three States

ActiveThe job is running. Job is occupying storage, using processor, and hasnt exceeded activity level. WaitThe job is waiting for something to happen. Waiting until next user request to start. Ineligible The job is ready to run, but the system is not available. Ineligible job cant occupy storage or processor due to activity level is at max.
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AS/400 Jobs Three States (cont.)

Jobs shift between states automatically, depending on systems work load Job may need to become ineligible at end of its time slice

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Memory Pool Types

Shared Pools

Special shared pools. The two pools that come with the AS/400, *MACHINE and *BASE, are special shared pools. These are the only special shared pools. General shared pools. Private Pools

Maximum pools = 64 including *BASE and *MACHINE.

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Pre-defined Pools

The AS/400 comes with predetermined names and, in two cases, predetermined uses, for shared pools. Here is the list:

*INTERACT Supports interactive subsystems jobs. *SPOOLSupports spool writers (printing). *SHRPOOL1 through *SHRPOOL60 Names available for customer-defined shared pools.
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Creating Private Pools/ Assigning Shared Pools

Create Subsystem Description (CRTSBSD) Type choices, press Enter. Subsystem description . . . . . Library . . . . . . . . . . . Storage pools: Pool identifier . . . . . . . Storage size . . . . . . . . . Activity level . . . . . . . . + for more values Maximum jobs . . . . . . . . . . Text 'description' . . . . . . . _______ *CURLIB ___ _________ _________ _______ _________ *NOMAX *BLANK Name Name, *CURLIB 1-10 Number, *BASE, *NOSTG... Number 0-1000, *NOMAX

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F13=How to use this display

F10=Additional parameters F24=More keys

Bottom F12=Cancel

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Changing Pool Memory/ Activity Levels

Three commands that change memory and activity level settings on pools. They are:

Work with System Status (WRKSYSSTS) Change Subsystem Description (CHGSBSD) Change Shared Pool (CHGSHRPOOL)

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Changing Pool Memory/ Activity Levels (cont.)

There are also two system values that affect memory pools and activity levels:

Machine Pool (QMCHPOOL) Base Activity Level (QBASACTLVL)

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Table 13-1: Memory Activity Level Commands

Pool Name Adjustments to Adjustments to Memory Activity Level *MACHINE QMCHPOOL (sv) n/a WRKSYSSTS *BASE n/a QBASACTLVL (sv) WRKSYSSTS ALL PRIVATE WRKSYSSTS WRKSYSSTS POOLS CHGSBSD CHGSBSD ALL SHARED WRKSYSSTS WRKSYSSTS POOLS CHGSHRPOOL CHGSHRPOOL (sv) = System Value. Use CHGSYSVAL command to change these.

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CHGSHRPOOL command
Change Shared Storage Pool (CHGSHRPOOL) Type choices, press Enter. Pool identifier . . . . . . . . __________ *MACHINE, *BASE, *INTERACT... Storage size . . . . . . . . . . *SAME Number, *SAME, *NOSTG Activity level . . . . . . . . . *SAME Number, *SAME Paging option . . . . . . . . . *SAME *SAME, *FIXED, *CALC Text 'description' . . . . . . . *SAME ____________________________________________________________________________

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F13=How to use this display

F5=Refresh F24=More keys

F10=Additional parameters

Bottom F12=Cancel

Figure 13-2: CHGSHRPOOL command

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Private Pools Changed Within Subsystems

Change Subsystem Description (CHGSBSD) Type choices, press Enter. Subsystem description . . . . . > QINTER Name Library . . . . . . . . . . . *LIBL Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB Storage pools: __ Pool identifier . . . . . . . *SAME 1-10, *SAME Storage size . . . . . . . . . _________ Number, *BASE, *NOSTG... Activity level . . . . . . . . _________ Number + for more values Maximum jobs . . . . . . . . . . *SAME 0-1000, *SAME, *NOMAX Text 'description' . . . . . . . *SAME ___________________________________________________________________________

F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F13=How to use this display

F10=Additional parameters F24=More keys

Bottom F12=Cancel

Figure 13-3: CHGSBSD command to change private pool sizes.

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Work with Subsystems (WRKSBS)

Work with System Status System: Type options, press Enter. 4=End subsystem 5=Display subsystem description 8=Work with subsystem jobs Subsystem Pool 1 Subsystem Pool 2 Total Storage (K) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -----------Subsystem Pools-----------1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 System Pool 3 2 11 System Pool 11 2 2 4 2 2 System Pool 2 BIGBLUE

Opt _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Subsystem QBASE QBATCH QCMN QCTL QINTER QCOMPILE QSERVER QSPL QSYSSBSD QSYSWRK

Bottom Parameters or command ===>_________________________________________________________________ F3=Exit F5=Refresh F11=Display system data F12=Cancel F14=Work with system status

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WRKSBS Display Pool Definitions

Display Pool Definitions Subsystem description: Pool ID 1 2 Storage Size (K) *BASE *SHRPOOL2 QCOMPILE Activity Level Shared Pool Names Status: System: ACTIVE BIGBLUE

Subsystem Pool Number

Bottom Press Enter to continue. F3=Exit F12=Cancel

Figure 13-5: Command WRKSBS, displaying pool definitions.

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Work with System Status

Work with System Status % CPU used . . . . Elapsed time . . . Jobs in system . . % addresses used: Permanent . . . Temporary . . . . . : . . : . . : . . : . . : 63.0 00:30:01 9789 22.313 4.707 07/05/99 Auxiliary storage: System ASP . . . . . : 22357 M % system ASP used . : 71.4165 Total . . .. . . . . : 187375 M Current unprotect used: 2854 M Maximum unprotect . : 3222 M BIGBLUE 12:06:24

Type changes (if allowed), press Enter. System Pool 11 Pool Size (K) 50000 Reserved Size (K) 0 Max Active 4 -----DB----Fault Pages .0 .3 ---Non-DB--Fault Pages 2.7 .0

System Pool Number Bottom Command ===>___________________________________________________________ F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F9=Retrieve F10=Restart F11=Display transition data F12=Cancel F24=More keys

Figure 13-6: Command WRKSYSSTS, information about system pools.

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Work Shared Pools

Work Shared Pools System: Main storage size (K) . : 655360 BIGBLUE Type changes (if allowed), press Enter. Defined Size (K) 90000 88360 10000 12000 200000 50000 50000 40000 70000 0 Max Active +++++ 32 7 7 10 4 4 10 7 0 Allocated Size (K) 90000 88360 10000 12000 200000 50000 50000 40000 70000 0 Pool ID 1 2 8 3 4 11 10 5 6 -Paging Option-Defined Current *FIXED *FIXED *FIXED *FIXED *FIXED *FIXED *FIXED *FIXED *CALC *CALC *FIXED *FIXED *CALC *CALC *FIXED *FIXED *FIXED *FIXED *FIXED More...

Pool *MACHINE *BASE *INTERACT *SPOOL *SHRPOOL1 *SHRPOOL2 *SHRPOOL3 *SHRPOOL4 *SHRPOOL5 *SHRPOOL6

Command ===>____________________________________________________________________ F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F9=Retrieve F11=Display tuning data F12=Cancel

Figure 13-7: Command WRKSHRPOOL.

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Subsystem Description
Create Subsystem Description (CRTSBSD) Type choices, press Enter.

Subsystem description . . . . NEWSBS Name Library . . . . . . . . . . *CURLIB Name, *CURLIB Storage pools: _ Pool identifier . . . . . . 2 1-10 Storage size . . . . . . . . *BASE Number, *BASE, *NOSTG... Activity level . . . . . . . Number + for more values Maximum jobs . . . . . . . . . 4 0-1000, *NOMAX Text 'description' . . . . . . *BLANK ______________________________________________________________________
Additional Parameters Sign-on display file . . . . . Library . . . . . . . . . . Subsystem library . . . . . .
F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh

*QDSIGNON ________ *NONE

Name, *QDSIGNON Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB Name, *NONE More...

F12=Cancel

F13=How to use this display

F24=More keys

Figure 13-8: Prompted CRTSBSD command.

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Add Storage Pools to Subsystem

Specify More Values for Parameter POOLS Type choices, press Enter. Storage pools: Pool identifier . . . . . . > 2 Storage size . . . . . . . . *BASE Activity level . . . . . . . ________ Pool identifier . . . . . . Storage size . . . . . . . . Activity level . . . . . . . Pool identifier . . . . . . Storage size . . . . . . . . Activity level . . . . . . . Pool identifier . . . . . . Storage size . . . . . . . . Activity level . . . . . . . F3=Exit F4=Prompt F24=More keys F5=Refresh F12=Cancel 11 50000 4 1-10 Number, *BASE, *NOSTG... Number 1-10 Number, *BASE, *NOSTG... Number 1-10 Number, *BASE, *NOSTG... Number 1-10 Number, *BASE, *NOSTG... Number More... F13=How to use this display

Figure 13-9: Adding storage pools to a new subsystem description

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Routing Entries
Display Job Description System: Job description: QINTER Library: QGPL BIGBLUE Message logging: Level . . . . . . . . Severity . . . . . . . Text . . . . . . . . . Log CL program commands Accounting code . . . . Print text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : : : : : : 4 0 *NOLIST *NO *USRPRF *SYSVAL

Routing data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :

QCMDI

Figure 13-10: A sample of the routing data for a job description.

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Routing Entries (cont.)

Display Routing Entries Subsystem description: QINTER Status:

System: ACTIVE

BIGBLUE

Type options, press Enter. 5=Display details Start Pos 1 1 1 1

Opt _ _ _ _ _

Seq Nbr 10 20 40 700 9999

Program QCMD QCMD QARDRIVE QCL QCMD

Library QSYS QSYS QSYS QSYS QSYS

Compare Value 'QCMDI' 'QS36MRT' '525XTEST' 'QCMD38' *ANY

Bottom
F3=Exit F9=Display all detailed descriptions F12=Cancel

Figure 13-11: Routing entries in the subsystem description.

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Routing Entries (cont.)

Display Routing Entry Detail Subsystem description: QINTER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Status: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : : : : : : : : System: ACTIVE 10 QCMD QSYS QPTY35 QGPL *NOMAX 2 'QCMDI' 1 BIGBLUE Routing entry sequence number Program . . . . . . . . . . . Library . . . . . . . . . . Class . . . . . . . . . . . . Library . . . . . . . . . . Maximum active routing steps Pool identifier . . . . . . . Compare value . . . . . . . . Compare start position

. . . . . . . . . . :

Press Enter to continue. F3=Exit F12=Cancel F14=Display previous entry

Figure 13-12: Expanded routing entries in the subsystem description.

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Workstation Entries

AS/400 workstations are devices (Interactive Jobs Only) Job Queues Autostart Jobs Communication Jobs Pre-start Jobs

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Starting Subsystems
Start Subsystem (STRSBS) Type choices, press Enter. Subsystem description . . . Library . . . . . . . . . Name Name, *LIBL, *CURLIB *LIBL

Bottom F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F12=Cancel F13=How to use this display F24=More keys

Figure 13-13: Prompted STRSBS command.

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Ending Subsystems
End Subsystem (ENDSBS) Type choices, press Enter. Subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . > QBATCH How to end . . . . . . . . . . . *CNTRLD Delay time, if *CNTRLD . . . . . *NOLIMIT Name, *ALL *CNTRLD, *IMMED Seconds, *NOLIMIT

F3=Exit F4=Prompt 5=Refresh F13=How to use this display

F10=Additional parameters F24=More keys

Bottom F12=Cancel

Figure 13-14: Prompted ENDSBS command.

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Basic Work Management Structure

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